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استخدام المتكفل Adipocyte براون لزرع الأعضاءThe existence of brown adipocyte stem/progenitor cells that are readily accessible through biopsy of human tissues such as skeletal muscle and subcutaneous WAT encourages the development of transplantation procedures to treat obese, diabetic patients. Harvested cells from tissue biopsies of insulin resistant individuals could be expanded and induced to differentiate into brown adipocytes prior to their implantation as an autologous transplantation to enhance energy expenditure and improve glucose metabolism in obese, insulin resistant patients. In fact, BAT (tissue rather than cells) implants in mice have recently been shown to robustly improve the metabolic condition of obese, insulin resistant mice (Stanford et al., 2011), and more surprisingly, to restore normoglycemia and glucose tolerance in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice (Piston and Gunawardana, 2011). In addition to acting as a glucose and energy sink, brown adipocytes are likely to also secrete factors (locally and/or in the circulation) that may have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism/insulin sensitivity and overall energy balance. It is indeed probably through this mechanism that BAT affects the “adipostat.” Recent studies suggest that the secretome of BAT is quite different from that of WAT since BAT expresses significantly lower levels of resistin and other adipokines associated with insulin resistance (Kajimura et al., 2008; Vernochet et al., 2009). Additionally, these adipokines are suppressed during the conversion of white adipocytes to brown-like cells in WAT during exposure of mice to synthetic PPARγ ligands (Vernochet et al., 2009).Go to:SummaryFrom the recent data showing active BAT in adult humans, as well as from animal data, it seems that the most promising strategy for developing therapeutics for obesity and type 2 diabetes is to increase BAT mass, or in fact, restore a healthy level of BAT mass in patients (Figure (Figure1).1). This new approach should allow the development of effective drugs for obesity, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome that, unlike diet drugs, are devoid of central side effects.
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