Financial resources subsystems
personnel resources subsystems
Materials resources subsystems
Information resources subsystems
CLASSIFICATION OF IS BY RESOURCES
TYPICAL hrm APPLICATIONS
Staffing . Training and development. Compensation administration.
Strategic systems • .
Manpower planning
• Labour force tracking .
Succession planning .
- Performance appraisal planning . • Contract costing
• Salary forecasting
Tactical systems
• Labour cost analysis and budgeting
• Turnover analysis
-Training effectiveness.
• Career path planning
• Compensation effectiveness.
• Benefit preference analysis
Operational systems
• Recruitment
• Workforce scheduling
• Skill assessment
• Performance evaluation
Payroll control
• Benefit administration
COMPUTER ADMINISTERED TESTS
. Pros
• Inquiry is less intrusive (impersonal)
• Counsellors know only the 'total scores', i.e., cannot know responses to individual questions
• Machine does not approve/disapprove response
- Respondent may be more honest . -
. Response at own pace
• Evaluation is instantaneous
Potential application areas
• Personnel selection, e.g. aptitude and personality selection
• Counselling, e.g. pre and post counselling
• Climate studies
• Exit interviews
IS IN SALES AND MARKETING
■ Market research
▪ Product design:
• Availability of vast databases to identify requirements
• Rapid manipulation of data for considering alternative solutions before selecting one.
. Product marketing:
• Rapid distribution of product specifications
• Better demand forecasting
• Rapid resources acquisition
• Rapid fulfillment of orders
• Rapid capture of sales data
Note: There can be a dramatic improvement in every phase.
- Target marketing
• Customer services
. Sales force automation
IS IN ENGINEERING AND MANUFACTURING
. Time-to-market is a competitive advantage
. IS facilitates engineering:
• Computer Assisted Design/Drafting (CAD)
• Rapid prototyping
• Computerized Numerically Controlled (CNC) machines
. Manufacturing:
• Processing of raw materials to produce finished products Note: Differs from service sector, e.g. purchasing, warehousing,
production shops/assembly lines
- IS helps in reducing manufacturing cost.
• Production planning and control
• Optimizing use of resources
• Adjusting manufacturing process (in real time) according to changing
market demands.
• Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES)
IS SUPPORT FOR MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
enterprise resources planning
Manufacturing resources planning systems
production forecasting
production scheduling
materials requirements planning
capacity planning
production cost control
quality control
Engineering systems
computer aided design
computer aided Engineering
computer aided process planning
product simulation and prototyping
Manufacturing execution systems
Shop floor scheduling
Shop floor control
Machine control
Robotics control
Process control
Computer integrated manufacturing
INFORMATION USERS AND THEIR INFORMATION NEEDS (1/2)
- Internal users of data:
• Stakeholders:
• Owners; managers; operations; unions; researchers, etc.
• Clerical:
• Responsible for data entry and data control
• Significant change in responsibility with introduction of online transaction processing
• Supervisors:
• Bulk of their information needs can be met from the databases and transaction processing systems.
• Staff specialists:
• They make use of analysis capability provided by IS.
• Integration of external information is essential for meeting their requirements
• They use planning models for making initial or first cut plans
INFORMATION USERS AND THEIR INFORMATION NEEDS (2/2)
- Internal users of data (contd.):
• Management:
• Often get their work done through staff specialists
• Their decision making (both planning and control) is heavily
• dependent on the IS.
• Strategic planning is aided by IS
. External users of data:
• Customers • Suppliers
• Financial institutions . Regulatory agencies
• Professional bodies • Public at large .
Note: Different information users and their needs.
• They have different intended use of data
• Different frequency of access
• Different perspective of database
• Different access methods.
IS IN FINANCE AND ACCOUNTING (1/2)
Organizational health is judged by its finances.
• Finances are managed by:
• Obtaining funds at minimum costs
• Ensuring highest yield from deployed funds.
. Collecting receivables as early as possible
• Making payments as late as possible
• Making funds available for day-to-day operations .
- IS extensively helps in financial systems:
• Cash management systems
• Electronic funds transfer
• Online banking
• Utilities billing
• Investment analysis,