twist. As Andrew Milner argues, Williams stands in an essentially analogous relation to the (British) culturalist tradition as does Foucault to the (French) stru~turalist.~~ Williams’s cultural materialism is not so much culturalist, says Milner, as postculturalist; similarly, Foucault’s poststructuralism problematizes an earlier structuralist aspiration to fixed forms. Both of them deconstruct the objectivism and normativity they inherited from culturalism or structuralism, respectively. On this account, then, they might be closer than initially thought. To return to the third consequence of using the concept of “structures of feeling” in education, the notion of “Structures of feeling” is a powerful analytic tool that presents educators with several possibilities. It seems especially useful for linking teacher self-understandmg (the personal) with a broader politics of emotions at school [the historical and political). Using “structures of feeling” andits convergences with some of Foucault’s ideas, I wish to call attention to modalities of teacher emotion as social and political, and not as merely private or personal, and as a key to emerging emotional cultures at school and in classrooms - especially, in the construction and deconstruction of emotional rules. EMOTIONAL RULES IN CURRICULUM AND TEACHING35 DEFINING EMOTIONAL RULES What means have been invented to govern the emotions of human beings, to shape or fashion emotional communication in desired directions? Arlie Hochschild has used the term “feeling rules” to refer to norms and standards that reconstruct inner experiences in cultural, social, or organizational settings.36 Feeling rules, she writes, “define what we should feel in various circ~mstances.”~~ Such rules differ from context to context, indicating what is acceptable and what is not. We know these rules from how we or others respond to instances of emotional display. Emotional rules, like other rules, delineate a zone within which certain emotions are permitted and others are not permitted, and these rules can be obeyed or broken, at varying costs. Emotional rules reflect power relations and thus are techniques for the discipline of human differences in emotional expression and communication.3* This may take place through inscribing and recording of “appropriate” and “inappropri-ate” emotions, managing and using emotions according to these inscriptions, and classifying emotional expressions as “deviant” or ”normal.” Emotion discourses establish arrays of emotional rules according to which the emotional expression and conduct of self have been determined. These emotional rules refer to specific language, the ethical/emotional territory they map out, the attributes of the person
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twist. As Andrew Milner argues, Williams stands in an essentially analogous relation <br>to the (British) culturalist tradition as does Foucault to the (French) stru~turalist.~~ <br>Williams’s cultural materialism is not so much culturalist, says Milner, as <br>postculturalist; similarly, Foucault’s poststructuralism problematizes an earlier <br>structuralist aspiration to fixed forms. Both of them deconstruct the objectivism and <br>normativity they inherited from culturalism or structuralism, respectively. On this <br>account, then, they might be closer than initially thought. <br>To return to the third consequence of using the concept of “structures of feeling” <br>in education, the notion of “Structures of feeling” is a powerful analytic tool that <br>presents educators with several possibilities. It seems especially useful for linking <br>teacher self-understandmg (the personal) with a broader politics of emotions at <br>school [the historical and political). Using “structures of feeling” andits convergences <br>with some of Foucault’s ideas, I wish to call attention to modalities of teacher <br>emotion as social and political, and not as merely private or personal, and as a key <br>to emerging emotional cultures at school and in classrooms - especially, in the <br>construction and deconstruction of emotional rules. <br>EMOTIONAL RULES IN CURRICULUM AND TEACHING35 <br>DEFINING EMOTIONAL RULES <br>What means have been invented to govern the emotions of human beings, to <br>shape or fashion emotional communication in desired directions? Arlie Hochschild <br>has used the term “feeling rules” to refer to norms and standards that reconstruct <br>inner experiences in cultural, social, or organizational settings.36 Feeling rules, she <br>writes, “define what we should feel in various circ~mstances.”~~ Such rules differ <br>from context to context, indicating what is acceptable and what is not. We know <br>these rules from how we or others respond to instances of emotional display. <br>Emotional rules, like other rules, delineate a zone within which certain emotions are <br>permitted and others are not permitted, and these rules can be obeyed or broken, at <br>تكاليف متفاوتة. تعكس قواعد العاطفية علاقات القوة، وبالتالي هي تقنيات ل <br>الانضباط الفروق الفردية في التعبير العاطفي وcommunication.3 * هذه <br>قد تحدث من خلال يدون ويسجل من "مناسبة" و "inappropri- <br>أكل" العواطف، وإدارة واستخدام العواطف وفقا لهذه النقوش، و <br>تصنيف التعبيرات العاطفية كما الخطابات العاطفة "المنحرف" أو "طبيعية". <br>تؤسس صفائف من القواعد العاطفية التي تنص على أن التعبير العاطفي و <br>لقد تم تحديد سلوك النفس. تشير هذه القواعد العاطفية لمحددة <br>اللغة، والأخلاقية / إقليم العاطفية التي ترسم، سمات الشخص
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