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Source data and testing assumptionsThe World Bank Group and UNICEF produced these fgures by examining available data in 89 countries around the world, using a World Bank Group repository of nationally-representative surveys called the Global Micro Database. In line with the World Bank Group benchmark, extreme poverty is defned by whether a child lives in a household living on $1.90 a day or less per person. A child is defned as anyone under the age of 18.Researchers tested their fndings using a number of key variables. The World Bank Group’s benchmarks for extreme poverty and moderate poverty take into account the number of people in each household when calculating each household’s consumption or income. However, they do not, as other measurements do, make allowances for the age of household members, and thus the idea, for example, that an infant would need less food than a working adult. They also do not consider economies of scale – the concept that families with more members may be able to buy in bulk, thus reducing their overall costs. The World Bank Group and UNICEF researchers conducted a comprehensive range of tests to check if changing these assumptions would affect their results. They tested their fndings against realistic big and small economies of scale, as well as a range of realistic ratios comparing children’s consumption to adults’. In all cases, children still emerged with higher poverty rates across developing countries.© UNICEF/UN016296/GILBERTSON VII PHOTOUNICEF and WORLD BANK GROUP OCTOBER 2016ActionThis new data is an important part of global efforts to end extreme poverty by 2030. It exposes a troubling reality: almost 385 million children live in extremely poor households and are thus more at risk of having inadequate education, healthcare and nutrition, as well as being exploited and abused.Addressing these multidimensional aspects of child poverty is crucial. In the face of a global economic slowdown, ending extreme child poverty by 2030 will not be easy. However, we know change is possible.Around the world, UNICEF and the World Bank Group are already working with governments and other partners to address child poverty and to promote a range of cross-sectoral investments in the early years of life. They are supporting programmes that take monetary and non-monetary approaches - ranging from cash transfers, to broader work to help children move out of poverty, such as nutrition, health and education programmes. They are also working to help governments and other partners to reform entire healthcare, education and social systems – with the aim of benefting society as a whole, as well as protecting children’s futures.UNICEF and the World Bank Group are calling on governments to:• Ensure that child poverty is routinely measured and addressed at the national level as countries work towards both ending extreme poverty by 2030 and improving the well- being of their poorest citizens.• Make deliberate policy decisions that will ensure a country’s economic growth benefts all of its citizens, including making sure children are fully considered in poverty reduction plans.• Strengthen child sensitive social protection systems, including cash transfer programs that give direct payments to families to help lift children out of poverty and protect them from its impacts.• Prioritise investments in education, health, nutrition, clean water, sanitation and infrastructure that beneft the poorest children and that prevent people falling back into poverty after setbacks like droughts, disease or economic instability.
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