يعد برج إيفل من أشهر المعالم في أور

يعد برج إيفل من أشهر المعالم في أوروبا ويعتبر من أكثر الأماكنجذبا للسائحين لذا سوف اتناول بهذا الموضوع بعض النقاط المهمة التي تخص هذاالبرج.
نبذة تاريخيةقام غوستاف إيفل بتصميم البرج ليكون مدخلا مميزاللمعرض الدولي 1889 في باريس، والذي وافق الذكرى المئوية للثورة الفرنسية حيث اظهرالقدرة التقنية الفرنسية أنذاك. وقد بلغت تكلفة بناء البرج وقت الإنشاء حوالي 7,800,000 فرنك ذهبي فرنسي، وتم استرداد الكثير منها من مبيعات التذاكر هذاالمعرض.

في عام 1964 تم تسجيل البرج علي لائحة الآثار التاريخية لمدينةباريس.

التصميم والإنشاءبدأت أعمال الإنشاء في 26 يناير 1887، وإستمرت لمدة 26 شهرا بمشاركة ما يقرب من 50 مهندسا و 300 عامل؛ حيث تم فيالخمس أشهر الأولي بناء الأساسات بينما إستغرق بناء البرج الواحد وعشرين شهراالتالية، لتنتهي جميع الأعمال في 31 مارس 1889. وقد إفتتح البرج رسميا في 6 مايو 1889.

تعتبر الفترة التي تم فيها البناء 1887-1889 قياسية، وذلك بالنظر إليالأدوات المتاحة في ذلك العصر ومقارنتها مع مدي الدقة والضخامة التي تمير بها هذاالبناء.

يتكون البرج من 18,038 قطعة حديد و2.5 مليون مسمار ويزن إجماليا 10,100 طنا، حيث يرتكز علي أربعة أعمدة مكونة فيما بينها قاعدة أبعادها 125*125مترا أي بمساحة 15,625 متر مربع (م2)

الصعود إلي القمةيوجد فيالبرج سلالم تحتوي علي 1,665 درجة، وإن كان مسموحا للعامة فقط بإستخدامها حتي الدورالثاني. وعلي ذلك، فبلوغ القمة يتم عن طريق إستخدام أحد المصاعد الموجودة في هذاالدور. يقوم هذين المصعدين بحوالي 100 رحلة يوميا من وإلي القمة؛ أي بمعدل رحلة كل 8 دقائق تقريبا.

الإرتفاعبلغ إرتفاع البرج وقت الإنشاء 300 مترا (984 قدما)، ثم أضيف إليه في نفس العام الراية، فوصل إررتفاعه إلي 312 مترا (1024قدما)، لكن بعد إضافة الهوائي الخاص بالبث علي قمته، أصبح إرتفاع البرج الكلي 324مترا (1063 قدما)، وقد كان يعتبر من أطول البنايات في العالم، ولكنه لم يعد كذلكالآن.

مستويات البرجالدور الأول: 57.63 مترا (189 قدما)
الدور الثاني: 115.75 مترا (380 قدما)
الدور الثالث: 276.13 مترا (906قدما)
الإرتفاع الكلي (بالهوائي): 324 مترا (1063 قدما)

استخداماتالبرجنظرا لمتانة وإرتفاع البرج فقد فتح ذلك الباب أمام الكثير منالاستخدامات لإمكانيات هذا البرج. وقد تنوعت هذه الاستخدامات في مايلي.

البثفي بداية عام 1906 م شهد المحاولات الأوليلاستخدامه في البث الإذاعي، علي أنه دخل الخدمة فعليا في عام 1920 م.

كذلكشهد البرج المحاولات الأولي لإستخدامه في البث التليفزيوني من 1921 إلى 1935 م،ولكن هذه الخدمة بدأت فعليا منذ 1957 م.


معمل تجاربومنذ تمالإنتهاء من هذا البناء، أصبح قبلة العديد من العلماء والمهندسين والباحثينليستخداموه في إجراء التجارب المختلفة، سواء كانت متعلقة بالطقس أو سقوط الأجسامالحرة أو الرصد وغيرها من الإستخدامات. وفي عام 1909 م تم بناء نفق هواء من أجلالقيام ببعض الأبحاث.

المطاعميوجد في البرج مطعمينيوفران خدماتهما للزوار ويتيحان رؤية بانورامية لمدينة باريس وهما:

الدورالأول: مطعم "Altitude 95"
الدور الثاني: مطعم "Le Jules Verne" ( وله مصعد خاصبه في الركن الجنوبي من البرج)

الإضاءةمنذ البداية، وضعغوستاف إيفل في حسبانه أن يتم استخدام الإضاءة الصناعية لإنارة البرج، حيث تم تركيبأول نظام إضاءة بمناسبة المعرض الدولي في عام 1899 م. وقد مر البرج بجميع أنواعالإضاءات طوال تاريخه بدء من الجاز وحتي الكهرباء. في عام 2000 م وإحتفالا بالألفيةالجديدة، تم تركيب نظام متكامل من الإضاءة يحتوي علي:

20,000 لمبة إضاءة (بواقع 5,000 في كل جانب)
40 كم من الأقطاب الكهربائية
40,000 وصلةكهربائية و80,000 أجزاء معدنية آخري (تزن حوالي 60 طن)
230 لوحات وصناديقكهربائية
10,000 م2 من شبكات الأمان الكهربائية
120 كيلو وات من الطاقةالصيانةمن أجل الحفاظ علي البرج من الصدأ، يحتاج إلي عمليةصيانة وإعادة طلاء منتظمة. تتم هذه العملية بصورة دورية كل 7 سنوات، حيث يتمإستهلاك 50 طنا من الطلاء، وتستغرق مدة 15 شهرا حتي تكتمل تماما. تنفذ هذه العمليةيدويا من خلال 25 عامل مدرب بإستخدام 1,500 فرشة طلاء.

ومنذ إنشاؤه في 1889وحتي 2003، مر البرج بإجمالي 18 عملية طلاء، كان آخرها تلك التي تمت في الفترةالممتدة بين ديسمبر 2001 و يوليو 2003، بعدها تقرر أن تكون العملية التاسعة عشرةوما يليها علي النحو التالي:

كل 5 سنوات: طلاء البرج من الدور الأول إليالقمةكل 10 سنوات: طلاء البرج بأكمله
حقالملكيةيعود حق ملكية البرج إلى بلدية باريس؛ حيث تقوم شركة متخصصة بإدارةالبرج لصالحها، ويدر هذا على مدينة باريس مبالغ طائلة سنويا حيث يدفع الزائرون لبرجايفل من الكبار 10.70 يورو- في 2005- مقابل تذكرة تقودهم لقمة البرج، ويعتبر ذلك منأعلى العوائد في العالم.

الزوارلقد توقع غوستاف إيفل أن يزورالبرج سنويا 500 ألف زائر لكن الواقع فاق توقعه؛ فان زوار البرج في السنة الأوليلإفتتاحه في 1889 إقترب من 2 مليون زائر، بينا قفز هذا الرقم في 2005 إلي 36 مليون،وفي عام 2002 إستقبل البرج الزائر رقم 200 مليون له منذ إنشاؤه.

وهكذا فمنأعلى البرج يمكن مشاهدة عموم باريس في صورة بانورامية رائعة، أما من خلال مطعميهفيمكن تناول وجبة طعام شهية، وليلا مشاهدة أضواء ومعالم مدينة باريس الخلابة. كلهذا أدي ليكون برج ايفل في مقدمة المعالم السياحية الأوروبية طوال هذهالعقود وشكرا جميعا.......

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 1:

Eiffel Tower is one of the most famous landmarks in Europe and is considered of the most Alomakenjzba for tourists, so we will pick up this subject some important points concerning Hmaalberg.
About Tarichahqam Gustave Eiffel designed the tower to be input Mmizamard the International 1889 in Paris, which approved the centenary of the French Revolution where technical Azarakaddrh French at the time. The cost of construction of the tower construction time of about 7,800,000 French gold francs, was recovered many of them ticket sales Hmaalmard.

In 1964 the tower was recorded on the list of historic monuments to Medinhbaris.

Design and Alanchaebdot of construction work on January 26, 1887, and lasted for 26 months with the participation of nearly 50 engineers and 300 workers; where Faalkhms months building foundations while the initial construction of the tower took one and twenty Shahraaltalah, to end allMarch 31, 1889.Was opened tower officially on May 6, 1889.

Is the period when construction 1887-1889 standard, given Alealaduat available at that time and compare it with the accuracy and magnitude that Tamir by Hmabannae.

Consists tower of 18.038 pieces iron and 2.5 million lump nail and weighs 10,100 tons, which is based on four pillars composed between the base dimensions of 125 * 125 meters of any area of ​​15,625 square meters (m 2)

climb to Aalghemheugd Fayalberg ladders with 1,665 degrees, though generally only permitted to use until Alldoralthani. Ali, Vplog summit is through the use of a lift found in Hmaalldor.The two elevators around 100 daily flights to and from the summit; any rate each about 8 minutes.

Alartvaabulg height of the tower construction time 300 meters (984 feet), then added to it in the same year Ensign, bringing Arrtfall to 312 meters (1024 feet), but after adding your antenna broadcasts at the helm, the height of the tower total 324 meters (1063 feet), has beenOf the tallest buildings in the world, but no longer Kzlkalan.

Levels first Albergalldor: 57.63 meters (189 feet)
Second Floor: 115.75 meters (380 feet)
Third round: 276.13 meters (906 feet)
Overall Height (antenna): 324 meters (1063 feet)

Asthaddamatalbrzinzera for durability and high tower has opened the door to lot Manalastkhaddamat to the possibilities of this tower. These uses have varied in the following.

Albutfa the beginning of the year 1906 witnessed attempts Alolilasthaddamh in broadcasting, that he actually entered service in 1920.

Kzlkhhd tower initial attempts to be used in the television broadcast from 1921 to 1935, but the service has already started since 1957.


Tjarbomund Laboratory Tmalanthae of this construction, became the kiss of many scientists and engineers and Albagesanlistkhaddamoh in different trials, whether related to weather or fall Alogesamaharh or monitoring and other uses.In 1909, a tunnel was built air Ojellalkiem the some research.

Almtaameugd in the tower Mtamignofran their services to visitors and are opening a panoramic view of the city of Paris, namely:

Alldoralawl: Restaurant "altitude 95"
second round:Restaurant "le jules verne" (has elevator Khasbh in the southern corner of the tower)

Aladhaehmund the beginning, and the Eiffel Dagustav in account that artificial lighting is used to illuminate the tower, where he was Tercabol lighting system on the occasion of the International Exhibition in 1899.Tower has passed all Onoaaladhaouat throughout its history starting from jazz and even electricity. In 2000 and celebrate Balolfahaljdidh, the integrated system has been installed from lighting contains:

20,000 bulb lighting (by 5,000 on each side)
40 km from the electrodes
40,000 Salhkahrbaúah and 80,000 other metal parts (weighing about 60 tons)
230 boards and Snadikkahrbaúah,
10,000 m 2 of electrical safety nets
120 kilowatts of Taqhchianamn in order to keep the tower from rust, needed to Amlahsaana and regular repainting.This process is done periodically every 7 years, where Eetmasthlak 50 tons of paint, and it takes 15 months to fully completed. These Alamlahadoaa implemented through 25 workers using coach 1,500 mattresses coating.

Since its inception in 1889 until 2003, over a total of 18 tower coating process, the last of which has in Afattrhalmmtdh between December 2001 and July 2003, after which it was decided that the ninth Ashrhoma the process be followed as follows:

every 5 years:Coating tower first round Aleaalghemhkl the 10 years: coating the entire tower
Hakalhaaud the right of ownership of the tower to the municipality of Paris; where you company specializing Badarhalberg the favor, and generates this on the city of Paris sums annually where visitors pay to Bergevel the Big 10.70 euro - in 2005 - compared to a ticket led to the top of the tower, and is so Mnaaly returns in the world.

Alzoarkadd predicted Gustave Eiffel that annual Azoralberg 500 thousand visitors, but actually surpassed expect; the visitors to the tower in year Alolilavttaha in 1889 approached the 2 million visitors, Pina jumped this figure in 2005 to 36 million, and in 2002 received the tower visitor numberMillion has since created.

Thus Vmnaaly the tower can be seen throughout Paris in fantastic panoramic image, either through Mtamahvimcn meal appetite, and night watch the lights and the picturesque town of Paris landmarks.Klhma led to the Eiffel Tower at the forefront of European tourist attractions throughout Hzhalacod and thank all .......

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 2:

The Eiffel Tower is famous monuments in Europe is one of the most الأماكنجذبا tourists so you will pick up this issue some important points that belong to the tower
.Abstract تاريخيةقام Gustave Eiffel designed the tower to be input to the 1889 international مميزاللمعرض in Paris, which was the centennial of the French Revolution, where the French technical اظهرالقدرة times. The cost of the building of the tower at the time of construction about 7,800,The 0 gold francs, French, many of which were recovered from ticket sales هذاالمعرض

. In 1964 the tower was registered on the list of historical monuments لمدينةباريس

.The design والإنشاءبدأت construction work in January 26, 1887, وإستمرت for 26 months, with the participation of approximately 50 engineers and 300 workers; have been فيالخمس months while building foundation. The initial take tower building one twenty شهراالتالية, ending allIn March 31, 1889.The tower was opened officially in may 6, 1889.

is the period when 1887-1889 construction standard, given the إليالأدوات available in that era and with the extent of accuracy and magnitude by which this build *. The Sunbird

consists of 18,038 tower a piece of iron and 2.5000000 nail and weighs 10,100 tons, with total is based on the four columns composed with each other a dimensions 125 * 125 meters, with an area of 15,625 square meters (M 2)

boarding ladders containing 1, القمةيوجد فيالبرج665 degrees, although it allowed only a general use until the 2D floor. And so on, reaching the summit is through the use of one of the elevators in هذاالدور.These المصعدين is about 100 flights a day from the summit; and an average trip every 8 minutes.

The rise time of الإرتفاعبلغ tower construction 300 meters (984 feet), and then add in the same year, bringing the إررتفاعه flag to 312 meters (1024 feet), but after the addition of the antenna on top, the tower on high total of 324 meters (1063 feet), theOf the tallest buildings in the world, but it is no longer كذلكالآن.

the levels of البرجالدور first: 57.63 metres (189 feet)
second floor: 115.75 meters (380 feet)
third floor: 276.13 meters (906 feet)
- Total (بالهوائي): 324 m (1063 ft)

استخداماتالبرجنظرا strength and height of the tower has opened the door for a lot منالاستخدامات possibilities of this tower. The variety of uses in the Miley.

البثفي beginning of 1906 witnessed attempts الأوليلاستخدامه in radio broadcasting, it entered service in 1920.

كذلكشهد tower initial attempts to use it in the broadcast television from 1921 to 1935, but the service has already started since 1957
.

a تجاربومنذ تمالإنتهاء of this construction, the kiss of many scientists and engineers والباحثينليستخداموه in conducting various experiments, whether related to weather or the fall of the الأجسامالحرة or monitoring and other uses.On 1909, a tunnel was built for the air أجلالقيام some research.

المطاعميوجد tower مطعمينيوفران panoramic view of the city of Paris and the services to visitors:

1st floor: Restaurant Altitude 95
second floor:The restaurant Le Jules Verne (in the corner and elevator خاصبه Southern Tower)

الإضاءةمنذ first, وضعغوستاف evil in mind that is the use of artificial lighting lighting the tower, where he was تركيبأول lighting system on the occasion of the international exhibition in 1899.The tower all over أنواعالإضاءات throughout its history, start from the jazz and even electricity. In 2000 وإحتفالا بالألفيةالجديدة, installation of an integrated system of lighting contains:

20,000 bulb lights ($5,000 per side)
40 km
40, and electrodesThe 0 and 80,000 metal parts. وصلةكهربائية (weighing about 60 tonnes)
230 plates وصناديقكهربائية
10,000 M 2
120 kilowatt of electrical safety nets for the preservation of الطاقةالصيانةمن tower from rust, it needs to عمليةصيانة and painted regularly.This process is done periodically every 7 years, يتمإستهلاك 50 tons of paint, and it takes 15 months to complete. The العمليةيدويا through 25 working the 1,500 coach using paint brush

.Since established in 1889, to 2003, over a total of 18 tower coating process, most recently those in the الفترةالممتدة between december,2001 and july,2003, then decides to be ninth عشرةوما followed by as follows:

every 5 years:Paint the tower from the first floor إليالقمةكل 10 years: paint the entire
tower.حقالملكيةيعود right of ownership of the tower to the municipality of Paris; where the company بإدارةالبرج to their advantage, brings to the city of Paris sums annually paying visitors لبرجايفل adults 10.70 euros in 2005 for leading a ticket tower, this is منأعلى proceeds in the world.

الزوارلقد expect Gustav Eiffel to يزورالبرج annually 500000 visitors, but the reality was expected; the visitors the tower in the year الأوليلإفتتاحه in 1889. 2000000 visitors, while the figure jumped in 2005 to 36000000, and in 2002 received the tower visitor No.Million since established.

so فمنأعلى tower can be seen across Paris in a wonderful panoramic image, either through مطعميهفيمكن meal appetite, and see the lights and the picturesque city of Paris landmarks.كلهذا led to the Eiffel Tower in the forefront of European tourist attractions throughout the هذهالعقود and thank you all.

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 3:

The Eiffel Tower from sites in Europe and is one of the most alamakngzeba tourist so I will touch on this subject some important points for hzaalbrg.
About historical to Gustave Eiffel designed the tower to be an international mmisallmard 1889 in Paris, and the centennial of the French revolution where the azhralkodrh technical French at that time. The cost of building the Tower build time is about 7800,French gold francs, many of which have been recovered from ticket sales this the subject.

in 1964 is the Tower on the list of historic monuments

city Paris.Design of والانشاءبدات construction on 26 January 1887, and lasted for 26 months, with the participation of approximately 50 engineers and 300 workers; where vialkhms first building foundations while building the Tower took the 21 shhraaltalet, ending all On March 31, 1889. The tower was officially opened on 6 April 1889.

is the period where construction 1887-1889, and given alialadwat available in that era and compare it with the precision and magnitude of Tamir hzaalbnaa.

Tower is made of iron and 2 piece 18056.5 million Stud and weighs a total of 10,100 tons, which is based on four pillars consisting of base dimensions 125 * 125 m any area of 12,285 square meters (m 2)

onto the top find the stairs vialbrg 1,665, and the public were allowed to only use even Olaya –Riyadh. Thus, the Summit is reached by using one of the elevators in this the time. The two elevator bank about 100 flights a day to and from the Summit; an average trip every 8 minutes.

Alartvaabelgh build-time high tower 300 metres (984 feet), and then added in the same year the banner, bringing arrtvaah to 312 metres (1024 ft), but after adding the broadcast antenna on top, the tower height total 324 metres (1063 feet), was From the tallest buildings in the world, but it is no longer czelkalan.

Levels of albergaldor 1: 57.63 m (189 ft)
second floor: 89.59 meters (380 feet)
3rd floor: 276.13 m (906 feet)
overall height (with antenna): 324 metres (1063 feet)

Astkhdamatalbrgnzora for durability and high tower that opened the door to a lot of possibilities for this manalastkhadamat Tower. These uses have varied on Miley.

The broadcast in the beginning of the year 1906 saw attempts alaolilastkhdamh in broadcasting, that entered service in 1920 m.

czelkshhd Tower first attempts to use in television broadcasting from 1921 to 1935, but the service has already started since 1957.


Plant tgarbomenz tmalanthaa of this construction, the kiss of walbahathinlistkhdamoh scientists and engineers in various experiments, whether related to weather or the fall of alagsamalharh, monitoring and other uses. In 1909, the tunnel was built from aglalkiam some research.

Tower almtaamiogd mtaminiofran services to visitors and offer a panoramic view of the city of Paris:

the time the first: the restaurant "Altitude 95"
second floor: Restaurant "Le Jules Verne" (and its elevator auto up/down in the corner of the Tower)

الاضاءهمنذ the beginning, Eiffel wedaghostav in mind that industrial lighting is used to illuminate the Tower, trkibaol lighting system on the occasion of the international exhibition in 1899. The Tower of all انواعالاضاءات throughout its history, from jazz and even electricity. In 2000 mark balalvihalgdidh, an integrated lighting system installation contains:

20,000 light bulb (5000 on each side)
40 km from electrodes
40,Contact his electric and 80, 000, 000 other metal parts (weighing approximately 60 tons)
wesnadikkhrbaeh
10,000 paintings 230 m² of electric safety nets
120 kW of altakhalsianhmn to keep the Tower from rust, needs amlihsianh and repainting. This process is done periodically every 7 years, where ytmasthlak 50 tons of paint, and take 15 months to complete. The operation manual carried out through 25 agent trainer with 1500 mattress coating

Since established in 1889 to 2003, a total of 18 over the Tower the coating process, the last of which was in alvetrhalmmtdh between December 2001 and August 2003, decides to be the ninth company and what followed is as follows:

every 5 years: Paint the Tower, first floor alialkomhkl 10 years: paint the entire Tower
Hkalmlkihioud ownership of tower to the municipality of Paris, where the company specializes badarhalberg to their advantage, and generates this Paris sums annually paying visitors adult lbrgaifl 10.70 euros in 2005-for-ticket led the Summit Tower, this is the returns in the world manaali.

Alzwarlkd signed Gustave Eiffel to yzoralberg annually 500,000 visitors but actually exceeded expected; that visitors to the Tower in alaolilafttahah in 1889 year approached 2 million visitors, while the figure in 2005 jumped to 36 million, and in 2002 received the Tower the visitor number Million has since created.

And so famnaali the tower can be seen across Paris, panoramic photo, either through mtamihvimken a meal, a night watch the lights and sights of Paris. Klhzaa led to the Eiffel Tower on top European tourist attractions throughout hzehalakod and thanks all ... ....