TWENTIETH-CENTURY NOVELS AND OTHER PROSE
The major literary movements in the 20th century are Modernism (circa 1914-1950) and Postmodernism (circa 1950-1990)
MODERNISM
Literature written after World War I
Emphasizes "minute and analytic exposition of mental life
it emphasizes the growing alienation of the individual in the capitalist society
A highly experimental type of literature: uses non-linear time, stream-of-consciousness, and symbolism
Modernism introduced a new kind of narration to the novel narrator replaces the omniscient, trustworthy narrator of preceding centuries
POSTMODERNISM
a late-20th-century movement that was a departure from modernism; writers use
intertextuality (= acknowledgment of previous literary works within another literary work),
metafiction (= the act of writing about writing or making readers aware of the fictional nature of the what they're reading),
paradox (= statements that apparently contradict themselves but may be true),
pastiche (= taking of various ideas from previous writings and pasting them together to create something new),
magical realism (= introduction of magical or unreal elements in an otherwise realistic or mundane environment)
fragmentarism (= plot, characters, themes, imagery and factual references are fragmented and dispersed throughout the entire work to suggest a chaotic world),
HENRY JAMES (1843-1916)
American-British writer He is regarded as one of the key figures of 20th-century realism.
He uses point of view (= method of writing from the point of view of a character), interior monologue and unreliable narrators:
E.M. FORSTER (1879-1970)
English novelist, short story writer, and essayist
known best for his ironic and well-plotted novels examining class difference and hypocrisy in early 20th-century British society.
SOMERSET MAUGHAM (1874-1965)
British playwright, novelist and short story writer. He was among the most popular writers of his time (the highest paid author during the 1930s)
qualified as a medical doctor, but the first run of his first novel, gave up medicine to write full-time
GEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950)
English novelist, journalist and critic. His work contains a sharp criticism of social injustice and totalitarism
Orwell was very aware of the way in which language can be used to hide the truth and deceive the people
JAMES JOYCE (1882-1841)
An Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century.
He uses stream-of-consciousness technique (= interior monologue; a device that depicts the multitude of thoughts and feelings that pass through one’s mind) and experimental prose – full of puns, parodies and allusions. His novels break the usual rules of description, speech and punctuation.
Main Works: Ulysses , A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Finnegan’s Wake
VIRGINIA WOoLF (1882-1941)
English writer and one of the foremost modernists of the 20th century.
She is arguably the most accomplished lyrical novelist in the English language. Her novels are highly experimental: a narrative, frequently uneventful and commonplace, is refracted in the characters' consciousness
Main Works: Mrs. Dalloway , To the Lighthouse , Orlando , The Waves , A Room of One’s Own
WILLIAM GOLDING (1911-1993)
English novelist, playwright, and poet, winner of Nobel Prize in Literature in 1983
best known for his first novel, Lord of the Flies
DORIS LESSING (1919-2013)
British novelist, poet, playwright and short story writer, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2007, at the age of 88
Angela carter (1940-1992)
English novelist and journalist, known for her feminist, magical realism and picaresque works
DETECTIVE AND SPY NOVELS
Literary forms that became very popular toward the end of 19th century
In these books, each story is a puzzle but the readers are not given enough information to discover for themselves the answer to the mystery
AGATHA CHRISTIE (1890-1976)
The most famous 20th century author of mysteries; she wrote 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections; also called the “Queen of Crime”
The best-selling novelist of all times; her novels sold roughly 2 billion copies;
JOHN LE CARRE (1931-)
British author of espionage novels
His plots reflect the political and international events of the real world
SCIENCE FICTION
Stories based on developments in science and technology; they fall in 3 main areas:
The possibility of destruction of human race due to technological developments
Man may gather the qualities of machines
Exploration of the outer space
H.G. WELLS (1866-1946)
Considered the father of science fiction
النتائج (
العربية) 1:
[نسخ]نسخ!
روايات القرن العشرين والنثر الأخرىالحركات الأدبية الكبرى في القرن العشرين، هي الحداثة (حوالي عام 1914-1950) وما بعد الحداثة (حوالي عام 1950-1990)الحداثةالأدب المكتوب بعد الحرب العالمية الأولىويؤكد "دقيقة والمعرض تحليلية للحياة العقليةويؤكد تزايد اغتراب الفرد في المجتمع الرأسمالينوع تجريبية درجة عالية من الأدب: يستخدم الوقت غير الخطية، وتيار من الوعي، والرمزيةالحداثة وعرض نوع جديد من السرد ليحل محل الراوي رواية الراوي القاهر، جديرة بالثقة في القرون السابقةما بعد الحداثةحركة أواخر القرن ال 20 كان خروجاً عن الحداثة؛ استخدام الكتابالتناص (= الاعتراف بالأعمال الأدبية السابقة ضمن عمل أدبي آخر)،ميتافيكشن (= فعل الكتابة عن الكتابة أو جعل القراء يدركون طبيعة خيالية لما كنت تقرأ)،مفارقة (= التصريحات التي تتناقض مع نفسها على ما يبدو، لكن قد يكون صحيحاً)،باستيتشي (= أخذ مختلف الأفكار من الكتابات السابقة ولصقها معا لخلق شيء جديد)،الواقعية السحرية (= إدخال عناصر سحرية أو غير واقعي في بيئة واقعية أو الدنيوية على خلاف ذلك)فراجمينتاريسم (= الأرض، الأحرف، والمواضيع، وصور ومراجع الوقائعية مجزأة وموزعة في جميع أنحاء كامل العمل تشير إلى عالم تسوده فوضى)،هنري جيمس (1843-1916)الكاتب الأمريكي-البريطاني أنه يعتبر واحداً من الشخصيات الرئيسية في القرن العشرين الواقعية. He uses point of view (= method of writing from the point of view of a character), interior monologue and unreliable narrators:E.M. FORSTER (1879-1970) English novelist, short story writer, and essayist known best for his ironic and well-plotted novels examining class difference and hypocrisy in early 20th-century British society.SOMERSET MAUGHAM (1874-1965) British playwright, novelist and short story writer. He was among the most popular writers of his time (the highest paid author during the 1930s) qualified as a medical doctor, but the first run of his first novel, gave up medicine to write full-timeGEORGE ORWELL (1903-1950) English novelist, journalist and critic. His work contains a sharp criticism of social injustice and totalitarism Orwell was very aware of the way in which language can be used to hide the truth and deceive the peopleJAMES JOYCE (1882-1841) An Irish novelist and poet, considered to be one of the most influential writers in the modernist avant-garde of the early 20th century. He uses stream-of-consciousness technique (= interior monologue; a device that depicts the multitude of thoughts and feelings that pass through one’s mind) and experimental prose – full of puns, parodies and allusions. His novels break the usual rules of description, speech and punctuation.Main Works: Ulysses , A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, Finnegan’s WakeVIRGINIA WOoLF (1882-1941) English writer and one of the foremost modernists of the 20th century. She is arguably the most accomplished lyrical novelist in the English language. Her novels are highly experimental: a narrative, frequently uneventful and commonplace, is refracted in the characters' consciousness Main Works: Mrs. Dalloway , To the Lighthouse , Orlando , The Waves , A Room of One’s Own WILLIAM GOLDING (1911-1993) English novelist, playwright, and poet, winner of Nobel Prize in Literature in 1983 best known for his first novel, Lord of the FliesDORIS LESSING (1919-2013) British novelist, poet, playwright and short story writer, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2007, at the age of 88Angela carter (1940-1992) English novelist and journalist, known for her feminist, magical realism and picaresque works DETECTIVE AND SPY NOVELS Literary forms that became very popular toward the end of 19th century In these books, each story is a puzzle but the readers are not given enough information to discover for themselves the answer to the mysteryAGATHA CHRISTIE (1890-1976) The most famous 20th century author of mysteries; she wrote 66 detective novels and 14 short story collections; also called the “Queen of Crime” The best-selling novelist of all times; her novels sold roughly 2 billion copies;JOHN LE CARRE (1931-) British author of espionage novelsله المؤامرات تعكس الأحداث السياسية والدولية في العالم الحقيقيالخيال العلميقصص استناداً إلى التطورات في مجال العلم والتكنولوجيا؛ أنها تقع في 3 مناطق رئيسية:إمكانية تدمير الجنس البشري بسبب التطورات التكنولوجيةرجل قد جمع صفات الآلاتاستكشاف الفضاء الخارجيه. ج. ويلز (1866-1946)نظر الأب للخيال العلمي
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