شهدت تكنولوجيا البناء فى العقود الا

شهدت تكنولوجيا البناء فى العقود الاخيرة عدة طفرات متلاحقة مما أدى إلى تطوير العديد من مواد البناء التقليدية واستخدام العديد من المواد الحديثة داخل المنشأت، مما أدى إلى حدوث الكثير من التغيرات السلبية التى أثرت على المنظومة البيئية وعدم تحقيق استدامة هذه المنشأت. مما دفع الكثير من المصممين والشركات المطورة لمواد البناء إلى التفكير فى إعادة تطوير هذه المواد الحديثة بما يحقق استدامة المواد والتوافق مع البيئة وذلك من خلال استخدام مواد محلية صديقة للبيئة ونظم إنشائية متطورة، وتمكن المشكلة البحثية حول الكثير من مواد البناء التى ظهرت خلال العقود الثلاثة الماضية تفتقر إلى العديد من المحددات والمعايير التى تتيح استخدامها بأسلوب متوافق مع البيئة، كما أن التطور التكنولوجى فى مواد البناء ونظم الإنشاء أنتج العديد من المواد الحديثة ذات الأثر السلبى على البيئة ولم يراعى تحقيق التوازن المطلوب بين الجوانب التصميمية واستخدام مواد البناء والتوافق البيئى، بالأضافة إلى تأثير بعض مواد البناء سلبيا على دورة حياة المبني ، مما يضعنا أمام الاحتياج الفعلى إلى استخدام نظم إنشائية ومواد محلية صديقة للبيئة وذلك بهدف الحصول على استخدام مواد تتوافق مع البيئة المحلية وتراعى الجانب الاقتصادى وذلك لتحقيق عمارة مستدامة.

وبناء على ماسبق كانت الفرضية البحثية التى تطلب الاستدامة حيث أنه يمكن تنمية البيئات الحضرية بصورة متكاملة عن طريق استخدام مواد البناء المستدامة ونظم الإنشاء المتوافقة بيئياّ.
وبالتالى يتمثل الهدف البحثي فى البحث إلى طرح استخدام أساليب متكاملة لتطوير استخدام مواد البناء المحلية والنظم الإنشائية، ولتحقيق هدف البحث تسلسلت الدراسة على النحو التالى:
تهدف إلى تكوين خلفية نظرية عن مجال البحث، وقد تم ذلك من خلال بابين رئيسيين، فى الباب الأول حيث يتم بدء الدراسة البحثية فى الفصل الأول من الباب انتهج الفصل المنهج النظرى وذلك لهدف الوصول إلى تحقيق التنمية الحضرية المستدامة، وتمكن أهمية هذا الفصل فى توضيح مفاهيم الاستدامة بأبعادها البيئية والاقتصادية والاجتماعية ودورها فى عملية التنمية الشاملة وكذلك مفاهيم العمارة المستدامة وأهدافها ووسائل تحقيقها، ودراسة مبادئ العمارة المستدامة حيث تمثل هذه المبادئ الركائز التي يجب أخذها فى الاعتبار من أجل تحقيق عمارة مستدامة، تعتمد أساسا فى استهلاك المصادر من الطاقة والمياه ومواد البناء وغيرها من المصادر من خلال استراتيجيات تعتمد على التوظيف الجيد والترشيد وإدارة المخلفات القابلة للتدوير، إلى جانب الاهتمام بالبيئة وحمايتها وعدم تلويثها من خلال تصميم المباني المتجانسة مع البيئة المحيطة بعدم إلحاق الضرر بها والسعي إلى تحقيق بيئة داخلية أفضل توفر مستويات الراحة لمستخدميها، الفصل الثانى من الباب تمكن أهمية هذا الفصل دراسة مستويات أنظمة تقييم العمارة، حيث تهدف تلك البرامج والأنظمة إلى تحقيق العديد من الأهداف البيئية مثل إدارة الطاقة والمياه والمواد والموقع وجودة البيئة الداخلية، حيث تضع معظم برامج ومنظومات التقييم الخطوط العامة للأهداف وأساليب تحقيقها طبقا للعوامل البيئية، وتقترح معظم البرامج طرق مختلفة لتحقيق الأهداف الموضوعة مسبقا، ولأن القضايا البيئية معقدة نسبيا ومترابطة، لذلك فإذا ما قامت أحد المنظومات بوضع المنهج فإنها تضع بعض المرونة الملازمة للفكرة الأساسية.
ثم فى الباب الثانى يتم دراسة مواد البناء المستدامة والنظم الإنشائية حيث تبدأ بالتعرض فى االفصل الأول وقد تناول هذا الفصل التعرف على مواد البناء المستدامة وتطور استخدامها وخصائصها الطبيعية التي تؤثر على اختيارها، وتصنيفها إلى مجموعات رئيسية، ثم التعرف على دورة حياتها خلال مراحل الاستخدام المختلفة، والتعرف على الخصائص الهامة عند اختيار مواد البناء المستدامة، وفى الفصل الثانى من الباب تم دراسة تطورات النظم الإنشائية البسيطة محلياً في صورة أشكال متعددة بغرض تغطية الفراغات المختلفة البحور، وطورت أساليب البناء والتشييد المحلي، كما يتضح من خلال الأمثلة التى سيتم عرضها لاحقاّ فى الجزء التحليلي.
ثم يليه الباب الثالث الذى يتناول – الدراسة التحليلية - حيث يتجه البحث فى هذا الباب نحو دراسة شاملة لكيفية تحقيق الاستدامة البيئية بالفصل الأول يتم عملة دراسة وتحليل المدن البيئية وذلك من خلال دراسة تحليلية لأمثلة مختارة من المشروعات المعمارية العالمية ذات التوجه البيئى المستدام والتى تستخدم التقنيات الحديثة فى تحقيق معايير استدامة البناء. وأيضا تستخدم المواد المحلية للحصول على التصميم المستدام، وفى الفصل الثانى من الباب تم عمل الدراسة تحليلية فيتم رصد وتحليل لمبان مستدامة وذلك باستخدام ادوات البحث باختيار مجموعة من المشروعات لمبان عالمية تستخدم مواد البناء المحلية وذلك بهدف الحصول على مجموعة من النتائج التى تحقق معايير ومحددات لتلك المبانى. وتنتهى الدراسة بالنتائج والتوصيات ليتم عرض أهم النتائج التى توصلت إليها الباحثة والتى تعد بمثابة ملخص كامل يوضح الخطوط العريضة لخلاصة ما تم التعرض إليه فى الرسالة والأستنتاجات الناتجة من النقاط التى تم التقاط الضوء عليها.ثم قامت الباحثة بعمل مقترح لبعض المناطق المصرية التى تحقق التنوع فى (الظروف المناخية – الطبيعة الجيولوجية – طبواغرفية الارض) والخروج بمجموعة من المعايير لتحقيق الاستدامة وذلك على مستوى البيئات الحضرية ، والمبانى. وهذه المعايير كالتالى:
• أولا: المعايير المقترحة لتحقيق استدامة البيئات الحضرية وهى ( عناصر تنسيق الموقع – الشوارع الألية – مسارات المشاه – طرق توزيع المبانى).
• ثانيا: المعايير المقترحة لتحقيق استدامة المبانى وهى ( مواد بناء صديقة للبيئة – نظم إنشائية مستدامة).

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 1:

Construction technology in recent decades have seen several successive mutations leading to the development of many traditional building materials and using many modern materials within the facilities, resulting in a lot of negative changes affecting the ecosystem and not to achieve the sustainability of these facilities. Prompting a lot of designers and companies developed for building materials to think in this modern material redevelopment to achieve sustainability of materials and compatibility with the environment through the use of local materials environmentally advanced construction systems, and enables the research problem on a lot of building materials that have emerged during the past three decades, lacks many parameters and standards that can be used in a style compatible with the environment, And the technological evolution in the building materials and construction systems produced many modern materials with negative impacts on the environment and did not take into account the desired balance between the design aspects and use of construction materials and environmental compatibility, as well as the impact of some negative construction materials on the life cycle of the building, which puts us in front of actual requirement to use structural systems and environmentally-friendly local materials in order to obtain the use of materials that are compatible with the local environment and taking into account the economic aspect so as to achieve sustainable architecture.Based on the above research hypothesis was requesting sustainability where it can develop integrated urban environments through the use of sustainable building materials and building environmentally-compatible systems. Hence the research objective in the search to ask using integrated methods to develop the use of local building materials and construction systems, to achieve the objective of the research study follows the following sequence:Aim to configure the theoretical background of research has been done through the main doors at the first door, where you start the research study in the first chapter of the door he followed the theoretical methodology chapter to aim to achieve sustainable urban development, and the importance of this chapter to clarify the concepts of sustainability, environmental, economic and social dimensions and its role in the overall development process as well as sustainable architecture concepts, goals and means of achieving them, and study the principles of sustainable architecture where these principles represent the pillars must be taken into account for Achieving a sustainable architecture, based mainly in the consumption of energy and water sources, building materials and other sources through strategies depend on good employment rationalization and recyclable waste, besides interest and protection of the environment and not to contaminate through homogeneous building design with the surroundings not to harm them and the pursuit of better domestic environment provides a level of comfort to its users, class aFor the second of the door enables the importance of this chapter examine levels of evaluation systems architecture, so that programs and systems to achieve environmental goals, such as the Department of energy, water and materials, indoor environmental quality, location, where most programs and evaluation systems outlines the goals and methods of realization according to environmental factors, most programs suggests different ways to achieve the objectives set in advance, and that environmental issues are relatively complex and interdependent, so if one of the systems curriculum development they put some inherent flexibility for the basic idea.Then in part two are studying sustainable building materials and construction systems beginning with exposure in the first article this chapter dealt with the identification and development of sustainable construction materials used and physical characteristics that affect the selected, classified into major groups, and then identify the life cycle through various stages of use, identify important characteristics when choosing a sustainable construction materials, and in chapter II of part been studying simple construction systems developments locally in multiple image formats to cover different blanks seas, and developed methods of construction And local construction, as evidenced by examples which will be displayed later in the analytical part. Followed by part III, which deals with – analytical study-search in this section heading towards a comprehensive study of how environmental sustainability chapter done studying and analyzing environmental cities through analytical study of selected examples of architectural projects sustainable environmental oriented world which used modern techniques in achieving sustainable building standards. And also using local materials for sustainable design, and in chapter II of part analytical study was made, the monitoring and analysis of sustainable buildings by using the search tools by choosing a set of projects for global buildings using local building materials in order to obtain a set of results that satisfy the criteria and parameters for those buildings. The study ends with conclusions and recommendations to see top researcher's findings that a complete summary outlines to abstract what is exposure in the message and conclusions from the points that were highlighted, then the researcher job proposal for some areas that achieve diversity in (climatic conditions – geology – taboaghrvih Earth) and come up with a set of criteria for sustainability at urban environments, and buildings. These standards are as follows:• First: proposed criteria for sustainable urban environments (site layout elements – streets mechanism – walkways – distribution of buildings).• II: proposed standards for sustainable buildings (building materials environmentally-sustainable construction systems).

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 2:

Construction technology in recent decades has seen several successive mutations which led to the development of many traditional building materials and the use of many of the modern materials inside the facilities, resulting in a lot of the negative changes that have affected the ecosystem and the lack of sustainability of these facilities. Prompting a lot of designers and companies developer of building materials to reflect on the re - development of these modern materials in order to achieve sustainable materials and compatibility with the environment through the use of environmentally friendly systems and structural advanced local materials, and enable research problem on many building materials that have emerged during the past three decades It lacks many of the determinants and standards that allow use in a manner compatible with the environment, and the technological development in building materials and systems construction has produced many of the modern with the negative impact of materials on the environment and did not take into account to achieve the required balance between the design aspects and the use of building materials and compatibility of environmental, in addition to the effect of some building material negative impact on the building 's life cycle, which puts us in front of need the actual to the use of structural systems of local and eco-friendly materials in order to obtain the use of materials compatible with the local environment and take into account the economic side , so as to achieve sustainable architecture. Based on the foregoing was the research hypothesis that require sustainability as it can be urban environments development in an integrated manner through the use of sustainable building materials and systems , environmentally compatible construction. and thus is a research target in the search to put the use of complementary methods to develop the use of local building materials and construction systems, and to achieve the aim of the research took place between the study as follows: aiming to background composition theory of the research that has been done through a door key, in the first section where the start of the research study in Chapter I of Part pursued chapter the theoretical and that the goal of access to sustainable urban development, and enable the importance of this chapter to clarify sustainability concepts of environmental and economic dimensions . and social role in the overall development process as well as the concepts of sustainable architecture, objectives and means to achieve them, the study of the principles of sustainable architecture , where these principles represent the pillars that must be taken into consideration in order to achieve sustainable architecture, essentially rely on sources of energy, water, building materials and other sources consumption through strategies rely on good employment and rationalization and management of recyclable waste, along with concern for the environment, protection and do not pollute through heterogeneous design of buildings with the surrounding not to harm the environment and the quest for better comfort levels to its users internal environment, the second chapter of the door enables the importance of this chapter study levels evaluate the architecture systems, where those programs and regulations aimed at achieving several environmental objectives such as energy, water and materials, location and quality of the internal management of the environment, where put most of the programs and systems assessment outlines the goals and methods to achieve , according to environmental factors, most of the programs and propose different ways to achieve the pre - set objectives, because environmental issues are relatively complex and interdependent, so if what was one of the systems developed curriculum they develop some flexibility inherent in the basic idea. then in Part II are studying sustainable building materials and construction systems where you start with exposure in the first Aalvsal this chapter includes recognition of sustainable construction materials and the development of use natural characteristics that affect the selected and classified into major groups, and then to identify the life cycle through the various stages of use, and to identify the important characteristics when choosing sustainable building materials, in the second chapter of the door has been studying developments Statistics constructional systems locally in the form of multiple forms for the purpose of cover different seas in the blanks, and has developed a construction local construction methods, as illustrated by the examples which will be displayed later in the analytical part. followed by Part III , which deals with - analytical study - where he headed research in this door towards a comprehensive study of how to achieve environmental sustainability chapter I are coin study and analysis of environmental cities through analytical study of selected examples of sustainable ecological orientation global architectural projects which use modern technologies in achieving sustainable building standards. And also used local materials for sustainable design, In the second chapter of the door was the work of an analytical study are monitoring and analysis of the buildings sustainable, using search tools to choose a range of projects global buildings using local building materials in order to get a set of results that achieve the standards and the determinants of those buildings . The study concludes with findings and recommendations to display the most important findings of the researcher, which serves as a complete summary shows the outline of a summary of what has been subjected to in the letter and the conclusions resulting from the points that have been capturing light Alleha.tm the researcher doing a proposal for some Egyptian regions that achieve diversity in ( climatic conditions - geological nature - Taboagervaih ground) and out a set of criteria for sustainability and the level of urban environments, and buildings. These standards are as follows: • First , the proposed standards to achieve sustainable urban environments which (location coordinate elements - street Mechanism - pedestrian paths - the distribution of the buildings) ways. • Second , the criteria proposed for the achievement of sustainable buildings , a (building materials environmentally friendly - Construction sustainable systems).

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 3:

Experienced construction technology in recent decades, several successive mutations leading to the development of several traditional building materials and the use of many modern materials within the enterprise, leading to a lot of negative changes that affected the environmental system and realize the sustainability of such facilities. This prompted many designers and developers building materials to the thinking of the development of modern materials so as to achieve sustainable materials and compatibility with the environment by using local materials and environmentally friendly advanced building systems, and the research about the problem a lot of construction materials that have emerged during the last two decades lacks many of the standards and parameters that enables use in a compatible with the environment, and the development of Biotechnology In the building materials and construction, produced many modern materials that have a negative impact on the environment and the balance between the design aspects and the use of building materials and things. In addition to the effect of some building materials is negative on the life cycle of a building, which brings us to the actual need for the use of local materials and construction environment friendly to in order to use the materials compatible with the local environment and take into account the economic side with For you to achieve sustainable architecture.Based on the previous research, which was the premise of request of sustainability as it can develop an integrated urban environments through the use of sustainable building materials and construction technology Byyyaa.So the research objective is to search for subtraction using integrated methods and to develop local building materials and construction, to achieve the objective of the research Tslslt study is as follows:Aim to obtain theoretical background of the research, this was done by the two main sections, in section first, where is the beginning of research study in first grade the door of the chapter theoretical method with the aim of achieving sustainable urban development, and the importance of this chapter in clarifying the concept and role of environmental, economic and social dimensions of sustainability. In the overall development process as well as the concepts of sustainable architecture and the means to achieve them, and study The principles of sustainable architecture that are the pillars that must be taken into account in order to achieve sustainable architecture, rely mainly on consumption of the sources of energy, water and materials construction and other sources of recruitment strategies depend on the good and rational management of recyclable waste, along with attention to environment protection and pollution by building design harmonious with the surrounding environment, non damage and. Jay better internal environment provides the comfort levels of users, the second chapter of this chapter section enables the importance levels of architecture assessment systems, where these programs and systems for many environmental goals such as the Department of energy, water, materials and indoor environmental quality, where most of the programs evaluation systems, and outline the goals and methods for achieving conformity with the environmental factors, suggests that most of the programs of different ways to achieve the goals. Prior development and environmental issues is relatively complex and