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4 CHAPTER 1<br>to happen. Again, I’m not telling him that. . . . I’m being positive: “We’ll <br>get you, we’ll get you . . . we’re working on this, we’re working on that.” <br>I said, “Tell me some more about your family,” and the whole time I’m <br>holding his hand. I mean I’m not letting go of his hand. I’m holding his <br>hand and just—cold to the touch. And then I can feel his hand getting colder <br>and colder and he’s getting more pale . . .<br>Tragically and beautifully, this story illustrates emotional labor on two <br>fronts: eliciting a particular emotional state in another person and emotion <br>regulation within oneself. Emotional labor is “the management of feeling to <br>create a publicly observable facial and bodily display” that is necessary for <br>doing the job (Hochschild 1983, p. 7, emphasis supplied). It requires work-<br>ers to suppress their private feelings in order to show desirable work-related <br>emotions (Guy, Newman, & Mastracci 2008). Emotional labor is an indis-<br>pensable skill in roughly one-quarter to one-third of all occupations and in <br>all street-level occupations in the public sector (Guy, Newman, & Mastracci <br>2008; Hochschild 1983; McCloskey 2008). Public servants who cannot man-<br>age their own or another’s feelings fail to do their jobs, just as surely as the <br>physical laborer who cannot lift or carry weight. Because emotional labor is <br>fundamental to the job, it is also part of a worker’s salary: “emotional labor <br>is sold for a wage and . . . has exchange value” (Hochschild 1983, p. 7).<br>As fundamental as it is to public service, emotional labor is all but absent <br>from job descriptions and performance evaluations (Mastracci, Newman, & <br>Guy 2006). So how did this paramedic know what to do? What’s more, how<br>did he do it? How did he stay “positive” and keep himself from breaking <br>down? How did he keep his face and voice from betraying what he knew—that <br>rescue was impossible and that the truck driver would never see his wife, his <br>children, again? The paramedic foresaw the outcome but focused on selected <br>جوانب من الحقيقة. كيف فعل هذا؟ وكان هذا المسعفين أيضا زوج، <br>أب، كيف انه لم يقاوم الأفكار زوجته الخاصة والأطفال وتوظيف <br>استراتيجيات تنظيم العاطفة يلي؟ <br>س
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