Transparency or single-system image refers to the ability of an application to treat the system on which it operates without regard to whether it is distributed and without regard to hardware or other implementation details
Inter-Process Communication (IPC) is the implementation of general communication, process interaction, and dataflow between threads and/or processes both within a node
Process management provides policies and mechanisms for effective and efficient sharing of resources between distributed processes
Systems resources such as memory, files, devices, etc. are distributed throughout a system