(share-holder) value, he created new KPIs such as economic value added, return on
capital employed (ROCE), and stressed the need to measure non-tangible assets.
Because the approach focuses on external shareholders, communication with
capital market gained importance.
Risk and compliance management—the 2000s: Fraud at the end of the last
century [25] led to new legal rules (e.g. Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) [26]), and risk
and compliance management: The latter entails systematically scanning legal
requirements and internal rules, training people accordingly, and checking that
internal activities are in line with these rules. Risk management includes identifying
risks, quantifying their potential damage and likelihood of occurrence, and
developing strategies to avoid them [27]. Typical output of risk and compliance
management are risk reports supported by frameworks like COSO [28]. The 2008/
2009 economic crisis led to a renaissance in work on early indicators and their
impact on financial KPIs [e.g., 29].
3 State of the Art: The Need for an EIS Redesign
Corporate management relies more and more on IS, especially EIS [30]. To a large
extent, dashboards [31] and scorecards [22] fulfill the role of EIS today [32].
However, we continue to use the term ‘‘EIS,’’ arguing that the main purpose of
dashboards/scorecards is to synthesize and present comprehensive information in a
concise format. EIS, in turn, represent a more comprehensive approach with
additional analytical capabilities, such as dimensional reporting (OLAP), exception
reporting, simulations, trend/sensitivity analyses, and drill-downs/drillthroughs.
They also support comments and communication capabilities, including
e-mail and collaboration [33].
Today’s data warehouses (DWH) make data sourcing much less of an issue than
it was in the 1980s/1990s [8]. EIS benefit from this development in two ways.
First, DWH ensure consistent, integrated data handling and, when combined with
OLAP, they improve information analysis in various dimensions, such as products,
countries, and customers. New user-interfaces (‘‘frontends’’), which often apply
web technology, make it easier to provide up close, more personalized access to
required information. Finally, efforts are underway to make EIS results more
readily available on mobile devices. Advances in both new end-user devices and
user-interface software components should significantly simplify EIS handling,
even for technology-averse users [34, 35].
To compile a list of current EIS requirements, we searched several databases
covering the most important journals for EIS. Following our prior work [36],
complemented by [37], the search string [‘‘executive information systems’’ or
‘‘EIS’’ and (requirements or antecedents or determinates)] resulted in the following
hits per database: 1,043 in Science Direct, 272 in Proquest, 95 in EBSCOhost, 3 in
ACM, 254 in Wiley Inter Science, and 128 in Google Scholar.
النتائج (
العربية) 1:
[نسخ]نسخ!
(share-holder) value, he created new KPIs such as economic value added, return oncapital employed (ROCE), and stressed the need to measure non-tangible assets.Because the approach focuses on external shareholders, communication withcapital market gained importance.Risk and compliance management—the 2000s: Fraud at the end of the lastcentury [25] led to new legal rules (e.g. Sarbanes–Oxley Act (SOX) [26]), and riskand compliance management: The latter entails systematically scanning legalrequirements and internal rules, training people accordingly, and checking thatinternal activities are in line with these rules. Risk management includes identifyingrisks, quantifying their potential damage and likelihood of occurrence, anddeveloping strategies to avoid them [27]. Typical output of risk and compliancemanagement are risk reports supported by frameworks like COSO [28]. The 2008/2009 economic crisis led to a renaissance in work on early indicators and theirimpact on financial KPIs [e.g., 29].3 State of the Art: The Need for an EIS RedesignCorporate management relies more and more on IS, especially EIS [30]. To a largeextent, dashboards [31] and scorecards [22] fulfill the role of EIS today [32].However, we continue to use the term ‘‘EIS,’’ arguing that the main purpose ofdashboards/scorecards is to synthesize and present comprehensive information in aconcise format. EIS, in turn, represent a more comprehensive approach withقدرات تحليلية إضافية، مثل الإبلاغ الأبعاد (OLAP)، واستثناءالإبلاغ والمحاكاة وتحليل الاتجاه/الحساسية والحفر-داونز/دريلثروغس.كما أنها تدعم التعليقات وقدرات الاتصالات، بما في ذلكالبريد الإلكتروني والتعاون [33].مخازن البيانات اليوم (ضوه) جعل البيانات مصادر أقل بكثير من قضية منوكان في الثمانينات/التسعينات [8]. نظام المعلومات البيئية تستفيد من هذا التطور بطريقتين.أولاً، ضمان اتساق، ضوه المتكاملة لمعالجة البيانات، وعندما يقترنOLAP، هي تحسين تحليل المعلومات في الأبعاد المختلفة، مثل المنتجات،البلدان، والعملاء. جديد واجهات المستخدم ('' فرونتيندس '')، التي كثيرا ما تطبقوتكنولوجيا الإنترنت، وجعلها أسهل لتوفير الوصول حتى نهايته، أكثر تخصيصاً إلىالمعلومات المطلوبة. وأخيراً، تبذل الجهود حاليا لجعل النتائج البيئية أكثرمتاحة بسهولة على الأجهزة النقالة. التقدم في كلا الجهازين المستخدم الجديد ومكونات برامج واجهة المستخدم إلى حد كبير ينبغي تبسيط نظام المعلومات البيئية المناولة،حتى بالنسبة للمستخدمين نفورا من تكنولوجيا [34، 35].أن تجمع قائمة بالمتطلبات الحالية لنظام المعلومات البيئية، بحثنا في العديد من قواعد البياناتتغطي أهم المجلات لنظام المعلومات البيئية. عقب مسبق منا العمل [36]،تكملها [37]، سلسلة البحث ['' نظم المعلومات التنفيذية '' أو'' نظام المعلومات البيئية '' و (متطلبات أو السوابق أو ديتيرميناتيس)] أدت إلى ما يليلكل قاعدة بيانات: 1,043 في "العلوم مباشرة"، 272 في Proquest، 95 في ابسكوهوست، 3 فيACM, 254 in Wiley Inter Science, and 128 in Google Scholar.
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