he teachers who recognize the emotional rules and choose nonconformity, what are the possible modes of resistance and subversion? And what is the cost? Wherever there is domination there is re~istance.~OA teacher can defy emotional rules by inappropriate affect and by refusing to perform the emotion management necessary to feel what, according to these rules, it would seem appropriate to feel. As some ideologies gain acceptance and others decline, certain emotional rules rise and fall. Nevertheless, nonconformity to the prevailing emotional rules demands emo-tional labor, and especially vulnerability. To construct counternarratives that subvert the prevailing emotional rules, as a means of questioning these rules and their assumed ideologies and truths, invokes vulnerability as well as resistance. Resistances function both as defenses against vulnerability and as assertions of power in the face of imposition^.^^ For example, anger may function as a form of resistance, an alternative to vulnerability, and represents a powerful mode of resistance to shame and guilt. Vulnerability, though, signals a significant amount of emotional labor associated with resistance and often leads to teacher isolati~n.~~ However, as Megan Boler argues, vulnerability provides the turbulent ground on which to negotiate truths (for example, new emotional rules that are less oppressive), which is a necessary foundation of transformation. Emotional vulnerability, resistance, and transformation of teachers and emo-tional rules are not framed in any liberal-humanist arguments, but rather are means of acting on presence and present. They emphasize the difference of being attentive to the project of ungrounding and unmaking some rules according to which teachers should act, feel, and think. They are an encouragement to tracing the multiple, heterogeneous, and contingent conditions that have given rise to these rules. To analyze these rules and be subjected to ”discomfort” and emotional labor through questioning them is to reveal the historicity and contingency that have come to define the limits of teachers’ understandmgs of themselves, individually and collec-tively. Doing so disturbs, destabilizes, and subverts these rules, and identifies the weak points and lines of fracture where structures of feeling (as counterhegemonic) might make a difference. At this level, argues Rose, the problematization of what is given to us ”produces both its critical effect (making it more difficult for us to think and act in accustomed ways] and its positive effect (clearing a space for the possibility of thinking otherwise, for a consideration of the conditions for a real transformation of what we are).”53 The ultimate aim of the concept of structures of feeling, then, along with a Foucauldian genealogy of emotional rules in curriculum and teaching, is to reshape