First off, during Ibsen’s time, many critics were shocked––negatively and positively––by Nora’s character and her choice to abandon the pillars of upper-middle class society by leaving her family (or, put more simply, her ability to make a choice on her own). Some critics found A Doll’s House to be relatable as well as influential in potentially changing social norms. One review––written in 1879 for the Social Demokraten––reacted positively, proclaiming:
“Finally an event at The Royal Theatre, and an event of the first class! This play touches the lives of thousands of families; oh yes there are thousands of such doll-homes, where the husband treats his wife as a child he amuses himself with, and so that is what the wives become. . . Who, after seeing this play, has the courage to speak scornfully about run-away wives? Is there anyone who does not feel that it is this young and delightful young woman’s duty, her inescapable duty, to leave this gentleman, this husband, who slowly sacrifices her on the altar of his egotism, and who fails to understand her value as a human being” (Social Demokraten).
In saying that “there are thousands of such doll-homes,” it becomes clear to a modern audience that Nora and Torvald’s relationship was typical in a Norwegian, upper-middle class home in the late 19th century (Social Demokraten). This quote also indicates that Nora’s behavior was not common, and that this play presented a radically different viewpoint. According to the Social Demokraten, Ibsen not only presented a radical viewpoint, but one that audiences might have willingly latched onto.
However, other critics feared just that. Some critics responded negatively to Nora’s strength and independence, believing the ideas Ibsen presented mould negatively impact audience members. For example, Erik Vullum––a Norwegian Journalist––wrote in his 1879 review of A Doll’s House:
“I am thinking about the fact that it is Nora, that is, the woman, who acts as a spokesman both when it comes to the dissolution of the marriage and to entrusting the children she herself has borne to the care of a nanny. There is something indescribably unnatural in this, and therefore, in the final instance, artificial. Even if one can accept that there possibly may exist a woman who has done such a thing, one still feels dissatisfied to the utmost degree when it appears to be something that perhaps also has the sympathy of the author. If a woman, warped by a certain contemporary school of thought, can persuade herself that she is protecting her independence, freedom and honour by behaving à la a trumpet of doom over a dispirited husband and letting him sink down into his well-deserved ruin, there is no need for it in the female nature as such” (Vullum).
النتائج (
العربية) 1:
[نسخ]نسخ!
أولاً قبالة، خلال الوقت الذي إبسن، كثير من النقاد كانت صدمة--سلبا وايجابا--الحرف لنورا واختيارها على التخلي عن دعائم مجتمع الطبقة المتوسطة العليا بترك عائلتها (أو، ببساطة أكثر، لها القدرة على جعل خيار في بلدها). ووجد بعض النقاد البيت في A دمية لتكون relatable فضلا عن النفوذ في احتمال تغيير المعايير الاجتماعية. استعراض واحد--كتب في عام 1879 – للاجتماعية ديموكراتين – رد فعل إيجابي، يعلن:"وأخيراً حدث في" المسرح الملكي في "، وحدث من الدرجة الأولى! هذه المسرحية يمس حياة آلاف أسر؛ أوه نعم هناك الآلاف من هذه الدمية-المنازل، حيث يعامل الزوج زوجته كطفل أنه يسلي نفسه مع، وهكذا وهذا ما أصبح الزوجات... منظمة الصحة العالمية، بعد رؤية هذه المسرحية، لديه الشجاعة للتكلم ازدراء حول زوجات الشوراع؟ هل هناك أي شخص الذين لا يشعرون بأن من واجب هذا الشباب وسار الشباب للمرأة، لها واجب لا مفر منه، ترك هذا الرجل، بهذا الزوج، الذين تضحيات على مذبح الأنانية وقال لها ببطء، والذين لا يفهم لها قيمة كإنسان "(ديموكراتين الاجتماعية). في قوله أن "هناك الآلاف من هذه الدمية-المنازل"، يصبح من الواضح لجمهور حديثة أن العلاقة نورا وفي تورفالد كانت نموذجية في فئة النرويجية، والمتوسط الأعلى الرئيسية في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر (ديموكراتين الاجتماعية). هذا الاقتباس يشير أيضا إلى أن السلوك في نورا ليس شائعا، وأن هذه المسرحية قدم وجهة نظر مختلفة جذريا. ووفقا "ديموكراتين الاجتماعية"، قدم إبسن ليس فقط وجهة نظر متطرفة، إلا أن الجمهور قد يكون مغلق عن طيب خاطر على.ومع ذلك، يخشى الأخرى النقاد فقط أن. ورد بعض النقاد سلبا إلى نورا للقوة والاستقلال، والاعتقاد بالأفكار المقدمة إبسن العفن سلبيا تؤثر على أفراد الجمهور. على سبيل المثال، Erik فولام – – النرويجية الصحافي--كتب في استعراضه 1879 A دمية في المنزل:“I am thinking about the fact that it is Nora, that is, the woman, who acts as a spokesman both when it comes to the dissolution of the marriage and to entrusting the children she herself has borne to the care of a nanny. There is something indescribably unnatural in this, and therefore, in the final instance, artificial. Even if one can accept that there possibly may exist a woman who has done such a thing, one still feels dissatisfied to the utmost degree when it appears to be something that perhaps also has the sympathy of the author. If a woman, warped by a certain contemporary school of thought, can persuade herself that she is protecting her independence, freedom and honour by behaving à la a trumpet of doom over a dispirited husband and letting him sink down into his well-deserved ruin, there is no need for it in the female nature as such” (Vullum).
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