ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥﺍﻟﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ

ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ
ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ
ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺐ ﺑﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ، ﺛﻐﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺳﻢ
ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﻱ
ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ
ﻭﻻﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ
ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻟﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺃﺣﻤﺪ ﺣﺎﻣﺪ
ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻧﻲ 489.275 ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ‏( ﻋﺎﻡ 2007 ‏)
ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ
ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ 19.36526
ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ 37.13292
ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ GMT+3 ‏( ﻏﺮﻳﻨﻴﺘﺶ ‏)
ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻔﻲ 311 ‏(+249 ‏)
ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ
ﻣﺌﺬﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ .
ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﻔﺎﺓ ﻧﻔﻂ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ .
ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ
ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻦ ‏( 6.6 ﻗﺪﻡ ‏) ﻓﻮﻕ ﺳﻄﺢ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ، ﻭﺗﺒﻌﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮﻡ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ 675 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‏( 419
ﻣﻴﻞ ‏) . ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺣﺎﺿﺮﺓ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻧﻴﺔ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺇﻟﻰ 579,942
ﻧﺴﻤﺔ ‏(ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻡ 2011 ﻡ ‏) . ﻭﻫﻲ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮﺓ
ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺑﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ، ﻭﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ .
ﺃﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ
ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺤﺮﻱ
ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﺮﻏﻮﺕ، ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ، ﻭﻫﻮ ﻟﻔﻆ ﺃﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻱ ‏« Port
Sudan ‏» ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭﺗﻜﺘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ‏(ﺑﻮﺻﻞ ﺣﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ ﺑﺤﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻦ ‏) ﻭﺗﻨﻄﻖ ﺑُﻮﺭﺳﻮﺩﺍﻥ
ﺑﺈﻏﻔﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀ . ﻭﺗﺠﻲﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺃﺳﻤﺎﺀ ﻏﻴﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﻮﺭﺳﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺑﻮﺭ ﻓﺆﺍﺩ
ﻭﺑﻮﺭ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﻖ ﻭﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺪﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺑﻮﺭﺕ
ﻫﺎﺭﻛﻮﺭﺕ ‏( ﻧﻴﺠﻴﺮﻳﺎ ‏) ﻭﺑﻮﺭﺕ ﺇﻳﻠﺰﺍﺑﻴﺚ ‏( ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺃﻓﺮﻳﻘﻴﺎ ‏) . ﺗُﻠّﻘﺐ
ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ ﻭﺛﻐﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺳﻢ ﻭﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺍﻷﺣﻤﺮ .
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﻳﻢ
ﺑﺪﺃ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﻣﺒﻜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ
ﺍﻟﻌﺸﺮﻳﻦ، ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﻳﺮﺟﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ
ﻣﺤﻤﻲ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺯﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺑﻜﺜﻴﺮ . ﻓﻔﻲ ﺃﻃﻠﺲ ﺑﻄﻠﻴﻤﻮﺱ ﺍﻟﺠﻐﺮﺍﻓﻲ
‏( 175-100 ‏) ﻕ . ﻡ ﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺛﻴﻮ ﺳﻴﺘﻴﺮﻭﻥ . ﻭﻗﺪﻡ
ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺡ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﺗﻐﺎﻟﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﻱ ﻛﺎﺳﺘﺮﻭ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻨﺔ 1540 ﻡ، ﻭﺻﻔﺎ ﺟﻤﻴﻼً
ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺗﺮﺍﺩﻳﺖ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻌﺔ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺳﻮﺍﻛﻦ . ‏[1‏] ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﻄﺖ
ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻴﻪ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﺮﻏﻮﺕ ‏(ﺃﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺩ ‏) . ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻧﺎً
ﻓﻲ ﻗﺒﺔ ‏( ﺿﺮﻳﺢ ‏) ﻳﺰﻭﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺎﺭﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ . ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻪ
ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻓﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎ ﻟﻘﺮﻭﻥ ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﺳﻢ ﻣﺮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﺮﻏﻮﺕ ﺗﺒﺮﻛﺎً ﺑﻬﺬﺍ
ﺍﻟﺮﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﻟﺢ ‏[2 ‏]
ﺍﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ
ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1900 ﻡ، ﻭﺗﺤﺖ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﺮ ، ﺃﻭﻝ ﻗﻨﺼﻞ
ﻋﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ، ﺗﻮﺳﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺗﺤﻮﻳﻠﻪ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺤﺮﻱ
ﺣﺪﻳﺚ، ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺑﻮﺭﺕ ﺳﻮﺩﺍﻥ Port Sudan -
ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ - ، ﺃﻱ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ . ﻭﻓﻲ 10 ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ / ﺗﻤﻮﺯ 1905
ﻡ، ﺗﻤﺖ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ ﺑﻀﺮﻳﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﺮﻏﻮﺙ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ
ﻧﺼﻒ ﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ 16 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻭﺃﻋﻼﻧﻬﺎ ﺃﺭﺍﺽ ﻣﻤﻠﻮﻛﺔ ﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ، ﻭﺗﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻣﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺪﻳﺪﺓ
ﺑﻐﺮﺽ ﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺠﺪﻳﺪ . ‏[3‏]
ﻛﺎﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﺤﺮﻱ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻴﺤﻞ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ
ﺳﻮﺍﻛﻦ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺭﻏﺒﺘﻬﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻬﻢ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ
ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺼﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺪﻻً ﻋﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻛﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺨﻀﻊ
ﺭﺳﻤﻴﺎً ﻟﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﺪﻳﻮﻱ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ، ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ
ﻳﻜﻤﻦ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺻﻼﺣﻴﺔ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺳﻮﺍﻛﻦ ﻹﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺭﺝ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ
ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﻴﺮﺓ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻌﻴﻖ ﺇﺑﺤﺎﺭ ﺗﻠﻚ
ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻦ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺳﻮﻫﺎ، ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻣﺮﺳﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦ ﺑﺮﻏﻮﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻣﻤﺘﺎﺯ ﺧﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﻮﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ
ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻧﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً، ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋﻦ ﺗﻮﻓﺮ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ
18 ﻣﻴﻼً ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻨﻪ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺧﻮﺭ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﺕ . ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ
ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﺩﻱﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﻒ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻹﺯﺍﻟﺔ
ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﻓﻲ 1925 ﻡ ﺑﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ ﺧﻂ ﺃﻧﺎﺑﻴﺐ ﻣﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻮﺭ
ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﺕ .
ﺑﺪﺃ ﺍﻹﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺑﺘﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﺑﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺧﻂ ﻟﻠﺴﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﺗﻢ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻪ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1906
ﻡ، ﻭﻳﺘﺠﻪ ﻏﺮﺑﺎً ﻋﺒﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺮﺍﺀ ﻟﻴﺮﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻄﺒﺮﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ
ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ، ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻤﺮ ﺧﻂ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺣﻠﻔﺎ ﻭﺍﻟﻤﺘﺠﻪ ﻧﺤﻮ
ﺍﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮﻡ . ﻭﺗﻢ ﺃﻳﻀﺎً ﻣﺪ ﺍﻟﺨﻂ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﺎً ﺇﻟﻰ ﺳﻮﺍﻛﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻌﺪ 60
ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍً ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻠﻲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺑﻤﺠﺮﺩ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ
ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ . ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻢ ﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺸﺂﺕ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻓﻖ ﺍﻟﺸﺤﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻳﻎ، ﺑﻤﺎ ﻓﻲ
ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻓﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ .
ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻳﺘﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺧﻤﺲ
ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮ ﻭﻳﻀﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻛﻠﻤﺎ ﺍﺗﺠﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﺮﺀ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺧﻞ ﺣﺘﻰ
ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺃﺭﺻﻔﺔ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ . ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻣﻦ
ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺃﻛﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ 900 ﻳﺎﺭﺩﺓ
‏(6 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‏) ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ 500 ﻳﺎﺭﺩﺓ ‏( 2.5 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ‏) ﻭﻻ ﻳﻘﻞ ﻋﻤﻘﻪ
ﻋﻦ 6 ﻗﺎﻣﺎﺕ .
ﺇﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ
ﺗﻢ ﺍﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻔﺎﻝ ﺭﺳﻤﻲ ﻓﻲ 4
ﺍﺑﺮﻳﻞ / ﻧﻴﺴﺎﻥ 1909 ﻡ، ﺣﻀﺮﻩ ﺧﺪﻳﻮﻱ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﺣﻠﻤﻲ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ
ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﻭﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﻨﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺼﺮ ﻭﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺑﺒﻨﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺗﻢ ﺗﺜﺒﻴﺖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺤﺪﺙ ﻓﻲ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺑﺮﻭﻧﺰﻳﺔ ﺗﺬﻛﺎﺭﻳﺔ ﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺟﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ‏(4 ‏) ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺻﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ‏[ 4‏] ﺷﻬﺪﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ
ﻧﻤﻮﺍً ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً ﺧﺎﺻﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺧﻤﺴﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻥ ﺍﻟﻤﺎﺿﻲ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﻢ
ﺗﺸﻴﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺎﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﻭﺧﺎﺭﺟﻪ ﻭﻇﻬﺮﺕ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺔ ﺗﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ
ﺍﻟﺸﻮﺍﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ .
ﺷﻤﻠﺖ ﺃﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻗﻤﺸﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﻨﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻬﻨﺪ ، ﻭﺍﻟﺨﺸﺐ
ﻭﺍﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ . ﻓﻲ ﺣﻴﻦ ﺗﻤﺜﻠﺖ ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺼﻤﻎ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻲ
ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻄﻦ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﺧﻦ ، ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻤﺴﻢ ﻭﺟﻠﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺤﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺤﺒﺸﺔ .
ﻭﻛﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﻜﺎﻥ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﺬﺍﻙ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ 4289 ﻧﺴﻤﺔ . ‏[5‏]
ﺍﻛﺘﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺗﻴﺠﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﺮﻯ ﺇﺑّﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ
ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ . ﻓﻔﻲ ﺭﺑﻴﻊ ﻋﺎﻡ 1941 ﻡ، ﺃﻟﺤﻖ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﻄﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻤﺔ ﺳﺎﺣﻘﺔ
ﺑﺴﻔﻦ ﺣﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻣﻌﺮﻛﺔ ﺑﺤﺮﻳﺔ ﻗﺒﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻧﻲ،
ﻓﻀﻼً ﻋﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻣﻴﻨﺎﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺠﺒﻬﺔ ﺍﻹﻳﻄﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺇﺭﻳﺘﺮﻳﺎ
ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻤﻮﻳﻦ .
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﻤﻌﺎﺻﺮ
ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1956 ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻭﺭﻫﺎ
ﻛﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﺩ ﻭﻣﻘﺮﺍً ﻟﻺﺳﻄﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻧﻲ
ﻛﻤﺎ ﺍﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻛﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭﺍﺕ، ﻭﻣﻄﺎﺣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ
ﻭﻣﺼﻔﺎﺓ ﻟﺘﻜﺮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﻂ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ 1964 ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺎﻧﺐ ﺻﻮﺍﻣﻊ ﻟﻠﻐﻼﻝ .‏[6 ‏]
ﺍﻟﺘﻀﺎﺭﻳﺲ
ﺗﻘﻊ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻀﺒﺔ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻨﺤﺪﺭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻕ
ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ 60 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍً ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً، ﻭﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺻﺨﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﺳﻄﺤﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ
ﺍﻟﺠﺰﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻭﻛﺜﺒﺎﻥ ﺭﻣﻠﻴﺔ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺠﻨﻮﺏ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻲ
ﻭﺷﻌﺎﺏ ﻣﺮﺟﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﺨﻠﻠﻬﺎ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺃﻭﺩﻳﺔ ﻭﺧﻴﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﻣﻦ
ﺍﻟﺘﻼﻝ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﻧﺤﻮ ﺳﺎﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ، ﻭﺃﻫﻤﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﻭﺧﻮﺭ
ﻛﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﻠﺬﺍﻥ ﻳﻤﺘﻶﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺳﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻄﺎﺭ ﻭﻳﺼﺒﺎﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺮ .
ﻭﺗﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺩﻱ ﺃﺭﺑﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻤﺼﺪﺭ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻲ ﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺏ
ﻓﻴﻬﺎ .‏[ 7‏]
ﻭﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺧﻠﻴﺞ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻃﻮﻟﻪ ﺣﻮﺍﻟﻲ 6 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ 2 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ
ﻭﻧﺼﻒ، ﻳﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﻗﻲ ﻭﻏﺮﺑﻲ، ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ
ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎ، ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﺮﻱ ﺧﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺝ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺼﺐ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻏﺮﺑﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ
ﻧﺤﻮ ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻬﺎ .
ﻭﺍﻟﻐﻄﺎﺀﺍﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﻲ ﻓ

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 2:

Port Sudan
Port Sudan
surname East Gate, Gap Sudan smiling administrative division of the country Sudan's Red Sea State Governor Ali Ahmed Hamid geographical characteristics of the population census 489.275 inhabitants (2007) and other information Latitude 19.36526 Longitude 37.13292 Time is GMT + 3 (GMT) zip-up 311 (+249) post office in Port Sudan minaret in Port Sudan. tanks attached to the Port Sudan oil refinery. Port Sudan coastal city of northeast Sudan, located on the coast west of the Red Sea at a height of two meters (6.6 feet) above the surface of the sea, and away from the Khartoum, the capital 675 km (419 miles). It is the main seaport in Sudan and the capital of the Sudanese Red Sea where the population up to 579 942 inhabitants (2011 estimate). It is one of the big cities in Sudan and the region of the Red Sea, the eastern gate is for Sudan. Etymology was Port Sudan known before the establishment of the bilateral rule to build a seaport talk in the name of Marina Sheikh Barghout, and after the completion of the construction of the port name was changed to Port Sudan, which is the term English « Port Sudan »Port Sudan and words written in Arabic letters Port Sudan (Connect na character by character Seine) and Port Sudan to pronounce omission Alta. The label comes in concert with other names of many Egyptian cities in the region such as Port Said and Port Fouad, Port Tawfiq and some cities in the former British colonies of Port Harcourt (Nigeria), Port Elizabeth (South Africa). Nicknamed Port Sudan and the east gate gap Sudan smiling and Dora the Red Sea. History ancient history began to develop a modern city of Port Sudan early in the century, the twentieth, while the due date of establishment of the city as a port in the site is protected to the intervals far beyond. In Atlas geographer Ptolemy (175-100) s. M emerged as the city's Theo Ssiteron. And he gave the Portuguese navigator Juan de Castro in the year 1540, and a beautiful description of her under the name Tradat north of Suakin. [1] associated with the name of Islamic scholar Sheikh Barghout (or powder). And who was buried in the dome (the shrine) visited by sailors and fishermen. The whole place was also known for centuries long as the Marina Sheikh Barghout blessing this righteous man [2] bilateral verdict was decided in 1900, and under the auspices of Lord Cromer, the first consul British general in Egypt, the expansion of the place and turn it into a seaport talk, and the name change Port Sudan to Port Sudan - Sudan -, any Port Sudan. On July 10, 1905 AD, it was confiscated land surrounding the mausoleum of Sheikh flea in a circle with a radius of 16 kilometers and declaring a state-owned land can create public by institutions, have been expanding in that area many times in order to create a new port. [3] The decision of the British to build a port of a new submarine to replace the port Sawakin due desire to have a port under the sovereignty of the British-Egyptian Joint instead Sawakin which was subject to officially rule of Khedive and not bilateral judgment, but the direct cause lies in the lack of validity Sawakin port to receive the barges and ships modern because of the many and which hinder the navigation of those coral reefs ships or anchorage, unlike Marina Sheikh Barghout reality on the natural Bay Excellent free from those constraints In the mid-coast almost Sudanese, as well as provide a source of drinking water is located just 18 miles only him, and he Arbaat Creek. And was getting water drinking initially based on sea water intensify to remove salt prior to the 1925 Connect the water pipeline from Khor Arbaat. Englishmen began to build the city secured linked areas of the interior in Sudan through the railway line was opened in 1906 AD , and is heading west across the desert to link the port city of Atbara, in northern Sudan, where it passes the next line of Wadi Halfa and heading towards Khartoum. It was also to extend the line south to Suakin on after 60 kilometers and decide which abandoned port once completed construction of Port Sudan. Has also been building facilities and facilities for loading and unloading, including electric cranes. Had access to the port is done through a natural bay distance of five kilometers towards the mainland and narrows the sea whenever you head toward the inside so that the floor of the point where the container port docks are located. The port consists of a series of canals and natural ponds largest 900-yard-long (6 kilometers) and width of 500 yards (2.5 kilometers) deep and not less than 6 fathoms. Opening the port was opened to international trade port in an official ceremony on 4 Abrel / April 1909, attended by the Khedive of Egypt Abbas Hilmi II and Lord Cromer, British consul in Egypt and the owner of the initiative to build the port was the event is installed in the bronze plaque memorial placed on the walls of the store (4) pier north of the port [4] The city has seen a rapid growth especially in the the early fifties of the last century were the construction of the stores inside the port and outside the modern city and appeared interspersed with wide streets and different neighborhoods. included the first imports of cotton fabrics from India, wood and cement. While at the time it was the exports of gum arabic in , cotton, millet, sesame and animal skins and coffee from Ethiopia. The number of Sudan's population at that time about 4289 people. [5] it has gained great strategic importance of the Port Sudan during World War II. In the spring of 1941, the right to the British defeat ships warship Italian during a naval battle off the Sudanese coast, as well as the use near the Italian front port in Eritrea to transport troops, equipment and logistics. Contemporary history after Sudan's independence in 1956 has maintained the city for its role as a major port of the country and based commercial and military fleet Sudanese also held where some as an industry tire industry, flour mills and an oil refinery in 1964 as well as silos. [6] terrain the city is located on a coastal plateau descend from the west towards the east displayed almost 60 kilometers, and consists of sedimentary rock surface in the eastern part and sand dunes fixed in the west and southwest and coral reefs interspersed with streams in the form of valleys and coves, ranging from the hills in the west of the city towards the sea coast, the most important Khor waves and Khor dogs who Imitlan water in the rainy season and pour into the sea. rely Port Sudan on Valley Arbaat as a major source of drinking water in them. [7] and there is a natural bay length of about 6 kilometers and width 2 km and a half, the city separated into two parts, east and west, which is which is based upon the enamel, while being Khor wave which flows in which the west of the city towards the south . and Alguetaouallenbati P

النتائج (الإنجليزية) 3:

,




affected

489.275 (guidelines 2007)
19.36526
37.ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ 13292
3 ‏ gmt (ﻏﺮﻳﻨﻴﺘﺶ ‏) ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﺗﻔﻲ 311 ‏ (249 ‏) ﻣﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻳﺪ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﺌﺬﻧﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ
.

ﺧﺰﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺔ ﺑﻤﺼﻔﺎﺓ ﻧﻔﻂ ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ. ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺳﺎﺣﻠﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﻊ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﺷﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺣﻞ
Centre (6.6)
, 675 (419
).
affected
579,942(guidelines (2011 m). Is
,.


ﺣﺪﻳﺚﻓﻴﻬﺎﺑﺎﺳﻢﻣﺮﺳﻰﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦﺑﺮﻏﻮﺕ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪﺍﻻﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀﻣﻦﺑﻨﺎﺀ
ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀﺗﻢﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﻻﺳﻢﺇﻟﻰﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ،ﻭﻫﻮﻟﻔﻆﺃﻧﺠﻠﻴﺰﻱ‏«港口
苏丹‏»ﺑﻤﻌﻨﻲﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥﻭﺗﻜﺘﺐﺑﺎﻟﺤﺮﻭﻑﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ
ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ‏（ﺑﻮﺻﻞﺣﺮﻑﺍﻟﺘﺎﺀﺑﺤﺮﻑﺍﻟﺴﻴﻦ‏）ﻭﺗﻨﻄﻖﺑُﻮﺭﺳﻮﺩﺍﻥ
. Develop is
is

() (). Ua
.


is
,
.
(175-100). M.
1540 m, An
. [1]
(). An
().
An
[2]

guidelines 1900 m,
guidelines,
ﺣﺪﻳﺚ،ﻭﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﻻﺳﻢﺇﻟﻰﺑﻮﺭﺕﺳﻮﺩﺍﻥ苏丹港-
ﺑﻮﺭﺗﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ-،ﺃﻱﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀﺍﻟﺴﻮﺩﺍﻥ。ﻭﻓﻲ10ﻳﻮﻟﻴﻮ/ﺗﻤﻮﺯ1905
ﻡ،ﺗﻤﺖﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓﺍﻷﺭﺍﺿﻲﺍﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔﺑﻀﺮﻳﺢﺍﻟﺸﻴﺦﺑﺮﻏﻮﺙﻓﻲﺩﺍﺋﺮﺓ
ﻧﺼﻒﻗﻄﺮﻫﺎ16ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻭﺃﻋﻼﻧﻬﺎﺃﺭﺍﺽﻣﻤﻠﻮﻛﺔﻟﻠﺪﻭﻟﺔﻳﻤﻜﻦﺇﻧﺸﺎﺀ
,
. [3]


An
An


, centre centre
is
An, An centre
18 An. Centre
centre
1925 m is
.

is guidelines 1906
m, An
, is
. An An centre 60
An is
.,
.
is

ﻧﻘﻄﺔﺃﺭﺿﻴﺔﺣﻴﺚﺗﻘﻊﺃﺭﺻﻔﺔﻣﻴﻨﺎﺀﺍﻟﺤﺎﻭﻳﺎﺕ。ﻭﻳﺘﺎﻟﻒﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀﻣﻦ
ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔﻣﻦﺍﻟﻘﻨﻮﺍﺕﻭﺍﻷﺣﻮﺍﺽﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔﺃﻛﺒﺮﻫﺎﻃﻮﻟﻪ900ﻳﺎﺭﺩﺓ
‏（6ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‏）ﻭﻋﺮﺿﻪ500ﻳﺎﺭﺩﺓ‏（2.5ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ‏）ﻭﻻﻳﻘﻞﻋﻤﻘﻪ
ﻋﻦ6ﻗﺎﻣﺎﺕ。
ﺇﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡﺍﻟﻤﻴﻨﺎﺀ
4
1909 m,

Stabilization of centre
(4) [4]
An An

.
is,
.
, is.
4289. [5]
A
.Guidelines of 1941 m,
,
An is
.

Guidelines 1956 centre
An

Guidelines 1964 with. [6]

centre is
60 An An, is

is

.
centre
.] [7.]
6 2
,,
, is
.
shows almost