which has demonstrated huge potential for the food processing industry [2]. In this mode, packagedfood is placed between the electrodes to ionize the headspace gas to generate reactive species. Theadvantages of this mode of processing are easy scalability into a continuous system, enhancedantimicrobial efficacy and prevention of cross-contamination.From a food processing perspective, plasma source, electrode design, pressure, voltage,treatment time, distance between electrodes and reactive gas all play important roles in determiningthe gas speciation, reactive species concentration, discharge characteristics and overall efficiency ofthe process. It is important to mention that the differences in various systems also present a hugeFigure 1. Schematic diagram of (a) dielectric barrier discharge; (b) plasma jet system. Adapted from [13].However, at this point, it is worth mentioning the ‘in-package’ plasma mode of processing,which has demonstrated huge potential for the food processing industry [2]. In this mode, packagedfood is placed between the electrodes to ionize the headspace gas to generate reactive species.The advantages of this mode of processing are easy scalability into a continuous system, enhancedantimicrobial efficacy and prevention of cross-contamination.From a food processing perspective, plasma source, electrode design, pressure, voltage, treatmenttime, distance between electrodes and reactive gas all play important roles in determining the gasspeciation, reactive species concentration, discharge characteristics and overall efficiency of the process.It is important to mention that the differences in various systems also present a huge challenge forresearchers to compare and interpret the published results across different experimental setups.