In her corporate social performance model, Wood (1991) posited that the objectives of corporate social responsibility (stakeholder theory) were classified as:
(a) institutional (uphold the legitimacy in society of the business),
(b) organizational (improve the fit of the organization with its environment), and (c) moral/ethical (create a culture of ethical choice).
Wood’s model, when merged with Carroll’s four areas of corporate responsibility, helped to identify specific business outcomes associated with each objective, providing clearer guidance to leaders regarding CSR objectives and benefits.