I also need to emphasize the importance of the CTBT. Elevating this de facto international norm to legally binding status will contribute both to nuclear disarmament and non-proliferation. Japan therefore calls upon all countries that have not yet ratified it, especially those listed in annex 2, to do so as soon as possible. Furthermore, we urge all the States possessing nuclear weapons to maintain existing moratoriums on testing and call upon all States to refrain from any tests pending the entry into force of the treaty.