1 Using Picture Drawing for Formative Feedback in the Classroom One vocabulary learning strategy that provides repeated opportunities for formative feedback is drawing pictures in support of vocabulary acquisition. This activity asks students to attempt to capture the meaning of the target English word in a simple, quickly drawn picture. This strategy has been positively identified in the literature (Schmitt, 1997), but little research has investigated its efficacy. It is hypothesized that illustrations, similar to the keyword method (Nation, 2001), can improve recall by providing learners with mnemonics, but unlike keywords it has the added benefits of requiring less training, is quick, flexible, and can be used with any student who can put pencil to paper. Perhaps most importantly, it can provide teachers with clear information about learners’ understanding of target words. Drawing pictures can also support vocabulary learning by repurposing existing L1 strategies, including personalization, elaboration, deeper semantic and lexical understanding as well as meta-cognitive approaches to study. These are strategies many low-proficiency students lack (Mochizuki, 1999), but can use, provided they receive adequate support