Level 2 content analysis: ESD curriculum keyThe second level of content analysis was guided by a ‘curriculum key’ (see Johannesson et al.,2011). To develop the key, we drew upon notions of critical environmental education (Tilbury& Cooke, 2005) and the features of ESD (as explored earlier in this paper), includingUNESCO’s (2018) definition, wherein ESD is positioned as a type of “transformationaleducation that addresses learning content and outcomes, pedagogy, and the learningenvironment” (para. 1). The curriculum key considers how ESD may manifest as:Learning content: Integration of critical sustainability issues in the curriculum.Pedagogy and learning environments: Promotion of learning and teaching that islearner-centred, exploratory, action-oriented and transformative, and inspires studentsto act for sustainability.Societal transformation: Opportunities to empower students to assume active roles asagents of change to envision and create alternative futures; enable a transition tosustainable economies and societies; and act upon local and global sustainabilitychallenges.
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Level 2 content analysis: ESD curriculum key<br>The second level of content analysis was guided by a ‘curriculum key’ (see Johannesson et al.,<br>2011). To develop the key, we drew upon notions of critical environmental education (Tilbury<br>& Cooke, 2005) and the features of ESD (as explored earlier in this paper), including<br>UNESCO’s (2018) definition, wherein ESD is positioned as a type of “transformational<br>education that addresses learning content and outcomes, pedagogy, and the learning<br>environment” (para. 1). The curriculum key considers how ESD may manifest as:<br>Learning content: Integration of critical sustainability issues in the curriculum.<br>Pedagogy and learning environments: Promotion of learning and teaching that is<br>التي تركز على المتعلم، استكشافية، المنحى والتحويلية، ويلهم الطلاب <br>للعمل من أجل الاستدامة. <br>التحول المجتمعي: الفرص للطلاب إمباور لتولي الأدوار الفعالة مثل <br>عوامل التغيير لتصور وخلق مستقبل بديل. تمكين التحول إلى <br>الاقتصادات والمجتمعات المستدامة؛ والعمل على استدامة المحلية والعالمية <br>التحديات.
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