evaluated on levels of proficiency

evaluated on levels of proficiency while that proficiency is being attained (Horwitz et al., 1986). An invaluable contribution of Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope (1986) is obvious in domain of language anxiety. They theorized and measured language learning anxiety and brought forth a well-known anxiety scale (FLCAS); and it has been employed in several research studies. They viewed anxiety as a combination of three stages namely communication apprehension, test anxiety and fear of negative evaluation.